Libérez le pouvoir d’une gouvernance citoyenne avec « Initiative », un ajout essentiel à la série Science politique. Ce livre explore comment la démocratie directe et les propositions citoyennes façonnent les systèmes politiques et donnent aux individus les moyens de conduire le changement. Points saillants des chapitres : 1. Initiative – Le concept de base et son impact sur la législation. 2. Démocratie directe – Le contexte plus large et la signification des initiatives. 3. Amendement constitutionnel – Modifications des cadres juridiques initiées par les citoyens. 4. Majorité majoritaire – Implications des exigences de majorité qualifiée pour les initiatives. 5. Référendum ordinaire - Le rôle et les effets des référendums. 6. Double majorité – Assurer un consensus plus large grâce à des exigences de double majorité. 7. Initiatives et référendums aux États-Unis – Aperçus historiques et pratiques des pratiques américaines. 8. Droit d'initiative (législatif) - Donner aux citoyens le pouvoir de proposer des lois ou des amendements. 9. Référendum facultatif – Choix des citoyens de voter sur des questions spécifiques. 10. Histoire de la démocratie directe aux États-Unis – Étapes et cas clés. 11. Constitution de l'État libre d'Irlande - Approche historique de la démocratie directe. 12. Constitution du Massachusetts – Démocratie directe dans la constitution du Massachusetts. 13. Proposition de vote en Californie - Caractéristiques et influence sur la politique de l'État. 14. Élections en France - Impact de la démocratie directe sur les élections françaises. 15. Proposition de vote de l'Arizona - Le système de proposition de vote de l'Arizona. 16. Constitution du Colorado – Initiatives citoyennes au Colorado. 17. Buckley c. American Constitutional Law Foundation, Inc. - Implications pour le financement et les initiatives de campagne. 18. Référendums par pays - Analyse comparative des pratiques référendaires dans le monde. 19. Référendum d'initiative citoyenne (France) - Processus français et impact politique. 20. Démocratie directe au Massachusetts – L'expérience et l'impact de l'État. 21. Amendement de rappel du gouverneur de l'Illinois - Importance pour la démocratie directe au niveau de l'État. « Initiative » offre des informations précieuses aux universitaires, aux étudiants et aux passionnés de l'engagement démocratique, en apportant une valeur exceptionnelle grâce à une analyse détaillée et des exemples concrets.

This collection contains a selection of papers presented a the very First All-European Canandian Studies Conference that took place in The Hague, October 24-27, 1990. This unique meeting took place for the first time in the history of Canadian Studies. The focus of the papers is on the future rather than the past and it took place at a moment in time when Canada went through major crises that raised serious doubts about the country s future. The papers of this volume explore the main issues and problems that Canada faces. The volume contains sections on demography, environmental problems, economic transformations, Canadian identity, political power structure, aboriginal issues and Canada s international relations. As a whole the book takes stock where Canada stands and where it is going.

This introduction, now in its second completely revised and upgraded edition, is the ideal overview of Belgian law for foreign lawyers. It identifies the basic legal sources, institutions and concepts of Belgian law. It offers an up to date, state of the art systematic and critical rendition of the principal branches of the law as practised, and it provides the necessary historical background and theoretical framing. The book consists of sixteen chapters, covering all major fields of Belgian law including constitutional and administrative law, procedural law, criminal law, family law and trusts and estates, property, contracts and torts, commercial transactions and company law, labour and social security law, tax law and conflicts of laws, and offering in depth studies of the general features of the Belgian legal system and legal culture. Every contribution is written by a generally recognized expert in this particular field of law. The authors cover the legislation at the different levels, guiding the reader through the multi-layered governance in the complicated federal structure of Belgium within the European Union, and pay ample attention to the reality of legal practice in court cases. Each chapter concludes with a very useful bibliography of works in both official languages (French and Dutch). Where available, basic works in English are listed. The book is written for a diversified, primarily non-Belgian readership including practising lawyers, business people, government officials, academic researchers and students interested in a reliable overview of Belgian law and institutions as a starting point for their research or inquiries. Marc Kruithof is a law professor at Ghent University. He holds a PhD in Law, as well as Licentiates in Law and in Economics, from Ghent University, and a Master of Laws from Yale Law School. Walter De Bondt is an emeritus professor at Ghent University and at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB). He holds a PhD in Law as well as a Licentiate in Law from Ghent University, and a Master of Laws from UC Berkeley.