Trois pas en avant, deux pas en arrière : la situation comparée des hommes et des femmes sur le marché du travail n'est pas facile à caractériser. En la matière, aucun constat simple n'est sérieux. Depuis trente ans, nous avons connu de véritables bouleversements qui ne sont pas pour autant des ruptures, des brèches décisives qui ne sont pas définitives. La féminisation du marché du travail est réelle, mais inachevée, inaboutie tant elle s'est faite sous le sceau de l'inégalité et de la précarité. C'est une situation éminemment mouvante et instable que cet ouvrage collectif cherche à analyser : en s'appuyant notamment sur des comparaisons européennes, les auteur(e)s, qui comptent parmi les meilleurs spécialistes du sujet, explorent les nouvelles frontières de l'inégalité et tentent une cartographie des différences de sexe sur le marché du travail. A partir d'une présentation systématique des très nombreux travaux de recherche menés depuis des années en Europe - qui sera particulièrement utile aux étudiants et aux chercheurs -, les auteur(e)s mettent en évidence les grandes tendances à l'œuvre. L'irruption de la crise de l'emploi, l'installation d'un chômage massif, durable et structurel n'ont pas interrompu la progression de l'activité féminine. Entamée au début des années soixante, la féminisation du salariat se poursuit, inexorablement, mais sans enclencher de véritable rupture avec les processus de production des inégalités de sexe. Il est peu de domaines où une mutation sociale d'une telle ampleur s'est effectuée sur un fond d'inégalités aussi coriaces. Nous nous trouvons ainsi à un tournant de l'histoire de l'emploi féminin : une période faite de contrastes et de paradoxes, de progressions évidentes et de régressions impertinentes, de mouvements et de vents contraires dont on évalue mal l'issue. Tous comptes faits, rien n'est joué. Ce livre est publié à l'initiative de MAGE, Groupement de recherche " Marché du travail et genre " créé au CNRS. Comme tous les GRD, il s'agit d'une fédération de laboratoires et de chercheurs constitués autour d'un champ de recherche.

This was first published in 2000: This work is founded on the premise that many analyses of economic restructuring and of gender relations fail to recognize two things. First, the situation facing women is different from that of the 1960s when the conceptual apparatuses for analyzing "women and work" were created. Labour markets are dominated by flexible, non-standard work, precarious contractual relations and income disparities. Therefore, it is difficult to structure political claims or analysis around the notion that there is a single labour market, that the primary problem is discrimination or inappropriate training, and that political strategies should focus on discrimination and non-traditional employment. Rather, new challenges require new solutions. The second point of departure is that is is impossible to understand either contemporary labour markets, or the roots of employment and other public policies without locating them vis a vis patterns of gender inequalities generated by and in these labour markets. The labour force has been feminized to such an extent that new, and often unequal gender relations are crucial to their very functioning.

What role does the organisation of labour relations play in the health of a democratic society? Axel Honneth’s major new work is devoted to answering this question. His central thesis is that participation in democratic will formation can only proceed from a transparent and fairly regulated division of labour. The social world of work – where we spend so much of our time – is almost unique in being a space in which we have experiences and learn lessons that we can use to influence the attitudes of a political community. Therefore, by shaping working conditions in a particular way, we have a prime opportunity to foster cooperative forms of behaviour that benefit democracy, both by making mental room for these to flourish and by using the workplace as a rehearsal for democratic interaction in wider society. A job cannot be so tiring that a worker cannot think about political events; a job cannot pay so little that one cannot engage in political activity in his or her free time; a job cannot demand subordination which inhibits deserved criticism of one’s superiors: economic independence, intellectual and physical autonomy, reduction of strain and crushing boredom, sufficient free time, self-respect and the confidence to speak up, and the chance to practice democratic interaction are all things which we must encourage in order to unblock access to democratic participation. Honneth argues that the reality of labour today increasingly undermines this participation – and he sets out the conditions necessary for a reversal of this injustice. Tracking the development of labour conditions since the birth of capitalism, this important book engages with a vital topic that has been neglected in democratic theory. It will be of great interest to students and scholars in philosophy, sociology, politics and the humanities and social sciences generally.

Providing comprehensive coverage of the field of diversity, equality, equity and inclusion (DEI), this timely Encyclopedia addresses significant developments in diversity management. Entries adopt both theoretical and critical approaches to construct a complete picture of this crucial approach to business practice.

This volume, a collection of essays by a number of high-profile personalities working in philosophy, literature, sociology, cinema, theatre, journalism, and politics, covers a number a of recent and crucial developments in the field of French Feminisms that have made a reassessment necessary. Beyond French Feminisms proposes to answer the question: what is new in French Feminism at the beginning of the twenty-first century? The essays reflect the shift from the theoretical and philosophical approaches that characterized feminism twenty years ago, to the more social and political questions of today. Topics include: the 'parité' and PACS debates, the France-USA dialogue, the 'multicultural' issues, and the new trends in literature and film by women.

The second edition of this important reference work provides important updates and new perspectives on the cases constituting the first edition as well as including contributions from a number of new countries: Australia, Finland, Japan, New Zealand, N

Art matters. It affects us in our daily lives and is full of meanings that are valuable to all of us. As a catalyst for social interactions, art may either cause public conflict and create dissensions or facilitate mutual understanding and strengthen collective bonds. All of this is grounded in practices that develop and change along social interaction, cultural dynamics, as well as technological and economic lines. So how is art formed and produced? What are the relevant constraints and challenges that artists experience in the creative process? And what constitutes artistic agency? This collection of contributions from international, interdisciplinary experts explores particular case studies to deeply analyse artistic practices. Comprising eleven chapters relating to different art forms, each chapter offers an original perspective conveying a comprehensive understanding of artistic practices as arrays of specific activities in contemporary art worlds. This book will be important for both researchers and practitioners in the field. It will help artists to deepen their analytical abilities, enabling them to further their own creative practice. It will allow students and researchers to gain insights into processes of artistic creation and thus into the reproduction of art, as well as innovation in the arts.