Centrée sur la professionnalisation et le marché du travail des métiers de la formation, cette recherche combine trois perspectives. La première interroge la constitution du champ de la formation et le processus de professionnalisation des formateurs en particulier par l'examen de la production de deux revues spécialisées. Après une période de résistance à la professionnalisation, une rhétorique professionnelle voit le jour. Cette dernière consiste à affirmer l'existence d'un savoir autonome signe patient d'un processus de professionnalisation des formateurs sur le modèle des professions établies de la sociologie anglo-saxonne alors que dans le même temps co-existent plusieurs modes de structuration des activités des formateurs. La seconde s'intéresse à l'évolution de la morphologie du groupe professionnel par une analyse secondaire de l'enquête emploi (1982-2002). L'étude des propriétés sociales des agents regroupés par l'INSEE dans les deux PCS de la formation montre une explosion des effectifs, leur féminisation et leur vieillissement. Si le recrutement des agents est socialement moins sélectif que par le passé, le niveau de formation tend à s'élever mais reste très dispersé. L'analyse combinée des propriétés des agents et des caractéristiques de leurs emplois fait apparaître un espace professionnel éclaté, véritable archipel dont le salaire, les statuts d'emploi et le secteur d'activité de l'employeur dessinent les principales lignes de fracture. Le troisième s'attache au rapport au métier d'une cinquantaine de formateurs d'Ile-de-France. L'examen des trajectoires professionnelles met en évidence l'importance des conversions. Si l'analyse des discours montre qu'un accord minimal se dessine autour d'une définition relationnelle du métier, une coupure nette sépare ceux qui s'identifient à des "consultants" de ceux pour qui leur activité s'inscrit dans une relation salariale. Ainsi, c'est un groupe professionnel incertain dont ce travail a été amené à délimiter les contours.

Deux grands mondes sociaux et des sous mondes de la formation ont été mis au jour dans lesquels se sont définis les positions des formateurs d'adultes :le monde des politiques publiques incluant le sous monde de l'insertion et celui de l'accompagnement ; le monde des formations des grandes entreprises incluant les sous mondes des formations techniques, du conseil et du développement personnel. Ces mondes n'ont pas la même histoire. Ils ont pris forme dans la dynamique des trois " matrices de la formation à la française " :la promotion sociale (loi de 1959), la formation professionnelle continue (loi de 1971) et la formation professionnelle tout au long de la vie (loi de 2004). Chacune d'elles a aussi donné naissance à des figures de formateurs, figures historiques qui ont participées à la structuration du groupe professionnel que nous étudions. Trois grands segments participent de sa dynamique actuelle : les formateurs intervenants, les consultants en formation et les responsables de formation. Ces segments se subdivisent eux-mêmes selon des missions, des modèles, des conceptions différentes de la formation. La question se pose d'une unité entre ces professionnels : forment-ils une nébuleuse d'individus sans rien en commun ? Une approche longitudinale met en évidence l'existence de carrières et de filières d'emploi qui connectent et hiérarchisent les segments et les mondes sociaux. De fait, elles permettent à des formateurs intervenants commençant au bas de l'échelle dans l'insertion d'accéder aux positions prestigieuses de l'expert dans la grande entreprise. Si tous les formateurs ne suivent pas cette trajectoire, en revanche, tous y aspirent.

"Your Mindful Compass" takes us behind the emotional curtain to see the mechanisms regulating individuals in social systems. There is great comfort and wisdom in knowing we can increase our awareness to manage the swift and ancient mechanisms of social control. We can gain greater flexibility by seeing how social controls work in systems from ants to humans. To be less controlled by others, we learn how emotional systems influence our relationship-oriented brain. People want to know what goes on in families that give rise to amazing leaders and/or terrorists. For the first time in history we can understand the systems in which we live. The social sciences have been accumulating knowledge since the early fifties as to how we are regulated by others. S. Milgram, S. Ashe, P. Zimbardo and J. Calhoun, detail the vulnerability to being duped and deceived and the difficulty of cooperating when values differ. Murray Bowen, M.D., the first researcher to observe several live-in families, for up to three years, at the National Institute of Mental Health. Describing how family members overly influence one another and distribute stress unevenly, Bowen described both how symptoms and family leaders emerge in highly stressed families. Our brain is not organized to automatically perceive that each family has an emotional system, fine-tuned by evolution and "valuing" its survival as a whole, as much as the survival of any individual. It is easier to see this emotional system function in ants or mice but not in humans. The emotional system is organized to snooker us humans: encouraging us to take sides, run away from others, to pressure others, to get sick, to blame others, and to have great difficulty in seeing our part in problems. It is hard to see that we become anxious, stressed out and even that we are difficult to deal with. But "thinking systems" can open the doors of perception, allowing us to experience the world in a different way. This book offers both coaching ideas and stories from leaders as to strategies to break out from social control by de-triangling, using paradoxes, reversals and other types of interruptions of highly linked emotional processes. Time is needed to think clearly about the automatic nature of the two against one triangle. Time and experience is required as we learn strategies to put two people together and get self outside the control of the system. In addition, it takes time to clarify and define one's principles, to know what "I" will or will not do and to be able to take a stand with others with whom we are very involved. The good news is that systems' thinking is possible for anyone. It is always possible for an individual to understand feelings and to integrate them with their more rational brains. In so doing, an individual increases his or her ability to communicate despite misunderstandings or even rejection from important others. The effort involved in creating your Mindful Compass enables us to perceive the relationship system without experiencing it's threats. The four points on the Mindful Compass are: 1) Action for Self, 2) Resistance to Forward Progress, 3) Knowledge of Social Systems and the 4) The Ability to Stand Alone. Each gives us a view of the process one enters when making an effort to define a self and build an emotional backbone. It is not easy to find our way through the social jungle. The ability to know emotional systems well enough to take a position for self and to become more differentiated is part of the natural way humans cope with pressure. Now people can use available knowledge to build an emotional backbone, by thoughtfully altering their part in the relationship system. No one knows how far one can go by making an effort to be more of a self-defined individual in relationships to others. Through increasing emotional maturity, we can find greater individual freedom at the same time that we increase our ability to cooperate and to be close to others.

Analysing language data systematically and looking closely at how people formulate their thoughts can reveal astonishing insights about the human mind. Without presupposing specific subject knowledge, this book gently introduces its readers to theoretical insights as well as practical principles for systematic linguistic analysis from a cognitive perspective. Drawing on Thora Tenbrink's twenty years' experience in both linguistics and cognitive science, this book offers theoretical guidance and practical advice for doing cognitive discourse analysis. It covers areas of analysis as diverse as attention, perspective, granularity, certainty, inference, transformation, communication, and cognitive strategies, using inspiring examples from many different projects. Simple techniques and tools are used to allow readers new to the subject easy ways to apply the methods, without the need for complex technologies, whilst the cross-disciplinary approach can be applied to a diverse range of research purposes and contexts in which language and thought play a role.

According to estimates by the International Land Coalition based at the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), 57 million hectares of land have been leased to foreign investors since 2007. Current research has focused on human rights issues related to inward investment in land but has been ignorant of water resource issues and the challenges of managing scarce water. This handbook will be the first to address inward investment in land and its impact on water resources in Africa. The geographical scope of this book will be the African continent, where land has attracted the attention of risk-taking investors because much land is under-utilised marginalized land, with associated water resources and rapidly growing domestic food markets. The successful implementation of investment strategies in African agriculture could determine the future of more than one billion people. An important factor to note is that Sub-Saharan Africa will, of all the continents, be hit hardest by climate change, population growth and food insecurity. Sensible investment in agriculture is therefore needed, however, at what costs and at whose expense? The book will also address the livelihoods theme and provide a holistic analysis of land and water grabbing in Sub-Saharan Africa. Four other themes will addressed: politics, economics, environment and the history of land investments in Sub-Saharan Africa. The editors have involved a highly diverse group of around 25 expert researchers, who will review the pro and anti-investment arguments, geopolitics, the role of capitalist investors, the environmental contexts and the political implications of, and reasons for, leasing millions of hectares in Sub-Saharan Africa. To date, there has been no attempt to review land investments through a suite of different lenses, thus this handbook will differ significantly from existing research and publication. The editors are Tony Allan, (Professor Emeritus, Department of Geography, School of Oriental and African Studies and King’s College London); Jeroen Warner (Assistant Professor, Disaster Studies, University of Wageningen); Suvi Sojamo (PhD Researcher, Water and Development Research Group, Aalto University); and Martin Keulertz (PhD Researcher, Department of Geography, London Water Group, King’s College London).

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