This book examines how the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has sought to legitimise its counter-terrorism strategy in the eyes of its domestic and international audiences. An important element of CCP policy in Xinjiang has been the deployment of ordinary Chinese citizens, or the 'mass line,’ to create new realities on the ground. This book explores how the history of ideological struggle in the PRC has taken on new characteristics, as well as offering insight into how the CCP has maintained legitimacy in the eyes of its population, even as it pursues policies which are internationally controversial, shedding light on the past and future of the behaviour of the Chinese state, a subject of interest to China scholars, scholars of the Belt and Road, and counter-terrorism experts.

This book examines how the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has sought to legitimise its counter-terrorism strategy in the eyes of its domestic and international audiences. An important element of CCP policy in Xinjiang has been the deployment of ordinary Chinese citizens, or the 'mass line,' to create new realities on the ground. This book explores how the history of ideological struggle in the PRC has taken on new characteristics, as well as offering insight into how the CCP has maintained legitimacy in the eyes of its population, even as it pursues policies which are internationally controversial, shedding light on the past and future of the behaviour of the Chinese state, a subject of interest to China scholars, scholars of the Belt and Road, and counter-terrorism experts.

This book examines how the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has sought to legitimise its counter-terrorism strategy in the eyes of its domestic and international audiences. An important element of CCP policy in Xinjiang has been the deployment of ordinary Chinese citizens, or the 'mass line,’ to create new realities on the ground. This book explores how the history of ideological struggle in the PRC has taken on new characteristics, as well as offering insight into how the CCP has maintained legitimacy in the eyes of its population, even as it pursues policies which are internationally controversial, shedding light on the past and future of the behaviour of the Chinese state, a subject of interest to China scholars, scholars of the Belt and Road, and counter-terrorism experts.

China's problem with terrorism has historically been considered an outgrowth of Beijing's efforts to integrate the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region into the People's Republic of China. Since the end of the Cold War, however, this internal dynamic has converged with an evolving external environment, stimulating the development of linkages between Uyghur separatism and terrorism and broader terrorist movements in Central Asia, South Asia and the Middle East. This book brings together some of the leading experts on Chinese terrorism, offering the first systematic, scholarly assessment of the country's approaches to this threat. Four areas of investigation are looked at: the scope and nature of terrorism in China and its connection with developments in other regions; the development of legislative measures to combat terrorism; the institutional evolution of China's counter-terrorism bureaucracy; and Beijing's counter-terrorism cooperation with international partners.

Throughout the world, terrorism continues to pose major threats to peace, security, and stability. Since September 11, 2001, intensified counter-terrorism debates and responses, including national, multilateral, and regional approaches, have been marked by trends posing complex challenges to the protection of international human rights and fundamental freedoms. The current normative international framework and consensus clearly recognize that respect for human rights is not only the legal and moral obligation of states, but an essential pillar in the promotion of sustainable and effective counter-terrorism approaches. Yet, human rights violations related to and resulting from counter-terrorism measures continue; at the same time, there is push-back in the international community against those measures that violate human rights, such as extraordinary rendition, secret detentions, and torture and other inhumane treatment and abuses prohibited by jus cogens norms. Within this international counter-terrorism framework, the role of regional organizations in the promotion of international peace and security is accorded special recognition and legitimacy, in light of these organizations' presumed local experience and expertise. This whitepaper examines one such regional organization in operation since 2001: the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), comprising the People's Republic of China, the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. While the SCO facilitates multilateral cooperation among its members in a variety of fields, including the economy, cultural exchange, and health initiatives, this whitepaper focuses on the SCO framework for security and counter-terrorism measures and the key role of China in that framework; identifies the human rights concerns raised by SCO structure, policies, and practices; and analyzes the SCO's impact on international human rights norms and standards and on the international counter-terrorism framework. This whitepaper analyzes aspects of the SCO that present fundamental challenges to the international community's efforts to ensure protection of human rights in counter-terrorism approaches, including within the UN Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy. SCO member states for their part have quite deliberately used this opportunity to advance their respective agendas on the international stage, under cover of the regional framework. Doing so has allowed them to deflect critical scrutiny of the serious human rights problems identified by international human rights monitoring bodies and thus avoid the need to account for them. With a view towards contributing constructively to promoting greater effectiveness and accountability of regional and international frameworks, this whitepaper offers a number of specific and concrete policy and practice recommendations directed to UN bodies, governments, civil society actors, and the SCO and its member states. To advance greater transparency of the SCO's structure, policies, and practices, this whitepaper also provides an extensive compilation of core documents and resources in the appendices. Human Rights in China hopes that this compilation of key SCO normative documents, publicly-available information on the activities of the organization, and analysis of these materials from an international human rights law perspective, will serve as a resource for generating real accountability within the SCO, and promoting a more constructive engagement between the SCO and the international community that contributes to advancing fundamental rights and freedoms in the region and in the world.

After 9/11, the U.S. faced a challenge in enlisting the support of the People¿s Rep. of China (PRC) in the counterterrorism fight against Al Qaeda. This effort raised short-term policy issues about how to elicit coop¿n. and how to address PRC concerns about the U.S.-led war in Iraq. Contents: (1) Aftermath of the 9/11 Attacks; (2) Policy Analysis; (3) Options and Implications for U.S. Policy: Summits and ¿Strategic¿ Ties; Law-Enforcement Coop¿n.; Uighur People in Xinjiang and ¿Terrorist¿ Organization; Detained Uighurs at Guantanamo; Olympic Security and Violent Incidents; Sanctions on Exports of Arms and Security Equipment; Weapons Nonprolif.; Port Security; Military-to-Military Contacts; Shanghai Coop. Organization; PRC-Origin Weapons and Iran.

This book provides a systematic overview of counter-terrorism laws in twenty-two jurisdictions representing the Americas, Asia, Africa, Europe, and Australia.