Learn functional data structures and algorithms for your applications and bring their benefits to your work now About This Book Moving from object-oriented programming to functional programming? This book will help you get started with functional programming. Easy-to-understand explanations of practical topics will help you get started with functional data structures. Illustrative diagrams to explain the algorithms in detail. Get hands-on practice of Scala to get the most out of functional programming. Who This Book Is For This book is for those who have some experience in functional programming languages. The data structures in this book are primarily written in Scala, however implementing the algorithms in other functional languages should be straight forward. What You Will Learn Learn to think in the functional paradigm Understand common data structures and the associated algorithms, as well as the context in which they are commonly used Take a look at the runtime and space complexities with the O notation See how ADTs are implemented in a functional setting Explore the basic theme of immutability and persistent data structures Find out how the internal algorithms are redesigned to exploit structural sharing, so that the persistent data structures perform well, avoiding needless copying. Get to know functional features like lazy evaluation and recursion used to implement efficient algorithms Gain Scala best practices and idioms In Detail Functional data structures have the power to improve the codebase of an application and improve efficiency. With the advent of functional programming and with powerful functional languages such as Scala, Clojure and Elixir becoming part of important enterprise applications, functional data structures have gained an important place in the developer toolkit. Immutability is a cornerstone of functional programming. Immutable and persistent data structures are thread safe by definition and hence very appealing for writing robust concurrent programs. How do we express traditional algorithms in functional setting? Won't we end up copying too much? Do we trade performance for versioned data structures? This book attempts to answer these questions by looking at functional implementations of traditional algorithms. It begins with a refresher and consolidation of what functional programming is all about. Next, you'll get to know about Lists, the work horse data type for most functional languages. We show what structural sharing means and how it helps to make immutable data structures efficient and practical. Scala is the primary implementation languages for most of the examples. At times, we also present Clojure snippets to illustrate the underlying fundamental theme. While writing code, we use ADTs (abstract data types). Stacks, Queues, Trees and Graphs are all familiar ADTs. You will see how these ADTs are implemented in a functional setting. We look at implementation techniques like amortization and lazy evaluation to ensure efficiency. By the end of the book, you will be able to write efficient functional data structures and algorithms for your applications. Style and approach Step-by-step topics will help you get started with functional programming. Learn by doing with hands-on code snippets that give you practical experience of the subject.

This book describes data structures and data structure design techniques for functional languages.

This practically-focused textbook presents a concise tutorial on data structures and algorithms using the object-functional language Scala. The material builds upon the foundation established in the title Programming with Scala: Language Exploration by the same author, which can be treated as a companion text for those less familiar with Scala. Topics and features: discusses data structures and algorithms in the form of design patterns; covers key topics on arrays, lists, stacks, queues, hash tables, binary trees, sorting, searching, and graphs; describes examples of complete and running applications for each topic; presents a functional approach to implementations for data structures and algorithms (excepting arrays); provides numerous challenge exercises (with solutions), encouraging the reader to take existing solutions and improve upon them; offers insights from the author’s extensive industrial experience; includes a glossary, and an appendix supplying an overview of discrete mathematics. Highlighting the techniques and skills necessary to quickly derive solutions to applied problems, this accessible text will prove invaluable to time-pressured students and professional software engineers.

Increase speed and performance of your applications with efficient data structures and algorithms About This Book See how to use data structures such as arrays, stacks, trees, lists, and graphs through real-world examples Find out about important and advanced data structures such as searching and sorting algorithms Understand important concepts such as big-o notation, dynamic programming, and functional data structured Who This Book Is For This book is for R developers who want to use data structures efficiently. Basic knowledge of R is expected. What You Will Learn Understand the rationality behind data structures and algorithms Understand computation evaluation of a program featuring asymptotic and empirical algorithm analysis Get to know the fundamentals of arrays and linked-based data structures Analyze types of sorting algorithms Search algorithms along with hashing Understand linear and tree-based indexing Be able to implement a graph including topological sort, shortest path problem, and Prim's algorithm Understand dynamic programming (Knapsack) and randomized algorithms In Detail In this book, we cover not only classical data structures, but also functional data structures. We begin by answering the fundamental question: why data structures? We then move on to cover the relationship between data structures and algorithms, followed by an analysis and evaluation of algorithms. We introduce the fundamentals of data structures, such as lists, stacks, queues, and dictionaries, using real-world examples. We also cover topics such as indexing, sorting, and searching in depth. Later on, you will be exposed to advanced topics such as graph data structures, dynamic programming, and randomized algorithms. You will come to appreciate the intricacies of high performance and scalable programming using R. We also cover special R data structures such as vectors, data frames, and atomic vectors. With this easy-to-read book, you will be able to understand the power of linked lists, double linked lists, and circular linked lists. We will also explore the application of binary search and will go in depth into sorting algorithms such as bubble sort, selection sort, insertion sort, and merge sort. Style and approach This easy-to-read book with its fast-paced nature will improve the productivity of an R programmer and improve the performance of R applications. It is packed with real-world examples.

A student introduction to the design of algorithms for problem solving. Written from a functional programming perspective, the text should appeal to anyone studying algorithms. Included are end-of-chapter exercises and bibliographic references.

Implement classic and functional data structures and algorithms using Python About This Book A step by step guide, which will provide you with a thorough discussion on the analysis and design of fundamental Python data structures. Get a better understanding of advanced Python concepts such as big-o notation, dynamic programming, and functional data structures. Explore illustrations to present data structures and algorithms, as well as their analysis, in a clear, visual manner. Who This Book Is For The book will appeal to Python developers. A basic knowledge of Python is expected. What You Will Learn Gain a solid understanding of Python data structures. Build sophisticated data applications. Understand the common programming patterns and algorithms used in Python data science. Write efficient robust code. In Detail Data structures allow you to organize data in a particular way efficiently. They are critical to any problem, provide a complete solution, and act like reusable code. In this book, you will learn the essential Python data structures and the most common algorithms. With this easy-to-read book, you will be able to understand the power of linked lists, double linked lists, and circular linked lists. You will be able to create complex data structures such as graphs, stacks and queues. We will explore the application of binary searches and binary search trees. You will learn the common techniques and structures used in tasks such as preprocessing, modeling, and transforming data. We will also discuss how to organize your code in a manageable, consistent, and extendable way. The book will explore in detail sorting algorithms such as bubble sort, selection sort, insertion sort, and merge sort. By the end of the book, you will learn how to build components that are easy to understand, debug, and use in different applications. Style and Approach The easy-to-read book with its fast-paced nature will improve the productivity of Python programmers and improve the performance of Python applications.

25 recipes to deeply understand and implement advanced algorithms in ClojureAbout This Book• Explore various advanced algorithms and learn how they are used to address many real-world computing challenges• Construct elegant solutions using impressive techniques including zippers, parsing, and pattern matching• Solve complex problems by adopting innovative approaches such as logic or asynchronous programmingIn DetailData-structures and algorithms often cross your path when you compress files, compile programs, access databases, or simply use your favourite text editor. Understanding and implementing them can be daunting. Curious learners and industrial developers can find these complex, especially if they focus on the detailed implementation of these data structures.Clojure is a highly pragmatic and expressive language with efficient and easy data manipulation capabilities. As such, it is great for implementing these algorithms. By abstracting away a great share of the unnecessary complexity resulting from implementation, Clojure and its contrib libraries will help you address various algorithmic challenges, making your data exploration both profitable and enjoyable.Through 25 recipes, you'll explore advanced algorithms and data-structures, well served by a sound Clojure implementation.This book opens with an exploration of alternative uses of the array data-structure, covering LZ77 compression, drawing fractals using Pascal's triangles, simulating a multi-threaded program execution, and implementing a call-stack winding and un-winding operations.The book elaborates on linked lists, showing you how to construct doubly linked ones, speed up search times over the elements of such structures, use a linked-list as the foundation of a shift-reduce parser, and implement an immutable linked-list using skew binary numbers representation.After that, the tree data-structure is explored, focusing on building self-balancing Splay Trees, designing a B-Tree backing-up an efficient key-value data-store, constructing an undo capable Rope, and showing how Tries can make for an auto-completing facility.Next, some optimization and machine learning techniques are discussed, namely for building a co-occurrence-based recommendation engine, using branch-and-bound to optimize integral cost and profit problems, using Dijkstra's algorithm to determine optimal paths and summarizing texts using the LexRank algorithm.Particular attention is given to logic programming, you will learn to use this to discover interesting relations between social website data, by designing a simple type inferencer for a mini Java-like language, and by building a simple checkers game engine.Asynchronous programming will be addressed and you will design a concurrent web-crawler, an interactive HTML5 game, and an online taxi booking platform.Finally, you'll explore advanced cases for higher order functions in Clojure while implementing a recursive descent parser using efficient mutual resucrsion, devising a mini resusable firewall simulator thanks to Clojure 1.7 new tansducers feature or building a simple unification engine with the help of Continuation Passing Style.What You Will Learn• Explore alternative uses of classical data-structures like arrays and linked-lists• Discover advanced types of tree data-structures• Explore advanced machine learning and optimization techniques• Utilise powerful Clojure libraries, such as Instaparse for parsing, core.match for pattern matching, clojure.zip for zippers, and clojure.matrix for matrix operations• Learn logic programming through the usage of the library core.logic• Master asynchronous programming using the core.async library• See the transducers in action while resolving real-world use-casesWho This Book Is ForIf you are an experienced Clojure developer, longing to take your knowledge to the next level by discovering and using advanced algorithms and seeing how they can be applied to real-world problems, then this book is for you.Style and approachThis book consists of a set of step-by-step recipes, each demonstrating the material covered in action so it is put in context. When necessary, pointers to further resources are provided.