What does the right to be oneself entail? And how is it manifest in our understanding of the law? The leading commentator on this subject explores these questions, taking an ambitious and multi-faceted approach. To answer them, he draws on private law, jurisprudence, constitutional law, as well as history, art and literature. This treatise, translated from the Italian original and expanded to give a more international perspective, is the seminal work on the development of identity-protection through law.

What this book intends to do is to study three-dimensionalism (the distinction values-norms-facts) not in what could be called its historical dimension, but in its substantive aspect, as a “form” that, when applied to different legal themes, would add a “material content” to the three-dimensional theory. We can point out, as a study plan, the distinction between “three” perspectives: Those of the legal norm, of the legal order, and the legal relationship. Three-dimensionalism also appears in this work when one analyzes the “three” phases of the life of the law: The formation, the interpretation, and the application; and in the distinction between the “three” characteristics of the legal order: Fullness, coherence, and unity—the theory of legal validity, intended as legitimacy, as validity strictly speaking, or as effectiveness.

INTRODUCTION Paolo Di Lucia and Lorenzo Passerini Glazel, Introduction. Veritas in Dicto, Veritas in Re Amedeo Giovanni Conte, Three Paradigms for a Philosophy of the True: Apophantic Truth, Eidological Truth, Idiological Truth SECTION I. Truth of Language (De Dicto Truth) vs. Truth of Things (De Re Truth) Roberta De Monticelli, Ockham’s Razor, or the Murder of Concreteness. A Vindication of the Unitarian Tradition Richard Davies, Monadic Truth and Falsity Stefano Caputo, One but not the Same Paolo Heritier, True God and True Man: Some Implications SECTION II. Truth of Things and the Normative and Axiological Dimensions of Reality Anna Donise, A Stratified Theory of Value Venanzio Raspa, On Emotional Truth Sergei Talanker, No True Persuasive Definition Marginalizes? Carlos Morujão, Subjective Meanings and Normative Values in Alfred Schutz’s Philosophy of Human Action SECTION III. Truth, Validity, and Normativity Pedro M. S. Alves, A Phenomenological Analysis of the Nomothetic Noema. Discussing the De Dicto and De Re Formulations of Normative Sentences Wojciech Żełaniec, Things We Must Never Do (If Any) Sara Papic, Can Linguistic Correctness Provide Us with Categorical Semantic Norms? Virginia Presi, Custom in Action. Ferdinand Tönnies’ Ontology of the Normative SECTION IV. Truth and Validity in Action: Norm Effectiveness and Nomotropic Behaviour Pascal Richard, Norms as “Intentional Systems” Alba Lojo, The Semantic Conception of Efficacy and Constitutive Rules: Mapping a Tough Relationship Giovanni Bombelli, Normativity, Truth, Validity and Effectiveness. Remarks Starting from the Horizon of the “Common Sense” SECTION V. Further Contributions Caterina Del Sordo and Roberta Lanfredini, Matter at a Crossroads: Givenness vs Forceful Quality Stefano Colloca, On the Deontic Validity of the General Exclusive Norm Alessandro Volpe, Doing Justice to Solidarity: On the Moral Role of Mutual Support

The chapters constituting this volume focus on legal language seen from cross-cultural perspectives, a topic which brings together two areas of research that have burgeoned in recent years, i.e. legal linguistics and intercultural studies, reflecting the rapidly changing, multifaceted world in which legal institutions and cultural/national identities interact. Within the broad thematic leitmotif of this volume, it has been possible to identify two major strands: legal discourse across languages on the one hand, and legal discourse across cultures on the other. Of course, labels of this kind are adopted partly as a matter of convenience, and it could be argued that any paper dealing with legal discourse across languages inevitably has to do with legal discourse across cultures. But a closer inspection of the papers comprising each of these two strands reveals that there is a coherent logic behind the choice of labels. All seven chapters in the first section are concerned with legal topics where more than one language is at stake, whereas all seven chapters in the second section are concerned with legal topics where cultural differences are brought to the fore.

Ci sono persone che credono sia possibile interpretare perfettamente il significato dei sogni utilizzando le chiavi dei sogni riportate nei libri comuni sui sogni. Ci non possibile, in quanto ognuno di noi ha un particolare linguaggio onirico ed uno stesso simbolo pu significare cose molte diverse da una persona all'altra. Questo dovuto alla diversa programmazione del cervello, la quale avviene in ogni essere umano, principalmente nei suoi primi anni di vita, quando l'inconscio ed il conscio sono stati influenzati dalle prime esperienze alla scoperta dell'ambiente fisico e non fisico e dall'interazione con gli altri esseri viventi. Altre persone, si basano sulle teorie sui sogni (come quelle freudiane, junghiane ecc.) e studiano i propri sogni attraverso il filtro della teoria scelta. Questo fa si che i loro sogni ed il loro inconscio perdano la loro naturale flessibilit, vitalit ed utilit. Un modo valido invece per interpretare i sogni semplicemente quello di osservarli con occhi nuovi, senza pregiudizi e di cercare quali sono i collegamenti tra la realt del sognatore, il suo stato fisico, la sua energia vitale, il suo ambiente, e i suoi sogni. Questo tipo di studio sul sogno stato fatto per pi di venti anni, dall'autrice Anna Mancini nell'organizzazione dello studio dei sogni: "Innovative You" fondato da lei stessa a Parigi. Grazie a queste ricerche originali, Anna Mancini insegna in questo libro una tecnica unica al mondo che permette di: -interpretare in modo preciso i vostri sogni, -formulare domande al vostro inconscio ed ottenerne risposte, -utilizzare i sogni per gestire la salute fisica e mentale, -utilizzare i sogni per lo sviluppo personale, la creativit, e la prosperit materiale, -ed anche molte altre cose che scoprirete leggendo. Inoltre questo libro spiega in modo razionale, l'esistenza dei sogni premonitori ed altre capacit che il cervello umano possiede naturalmente, ma che sono ancora ritenute paranormali dalla nostra cultura. Questo libro un gioiello d'originalit e di novit nel campo dei sogni: scopritelo, cambier la vostra vita!

This volume covers topics related to human rights issues and problems of people who are overwhelmed by hostile situations around them and are subsequently rendered vulnerable. The situations of vulnerability discussed in this book are related to suffering caused by the moral, family, social, economic or political conditions in which the people, and the groups they belong to, live. Readers are guided through a discussion about rights, as an instrument through which civil society and the ‘Rule of Law’ try to curb or even eliminate the suffering of these people. The aim of such efforts is to restore the situation of vulnerable people to a level of normality. Human Rights Issues and Vulnerable Groups presents a discussion of issues surrounding several kinds of vulnerable groups: minorities, children, gender groups, persons with disabilities, migrants, cultural groups, displaced persons, victims of terrorism, linguistic groups, poor people, people in prison and sexual minorities. The book is a detailed reference for graduates and scholars in law, political science, sociology and social psychology. The volume is also recommended for working professionals who operate with human rights groups and general readers (non-experts) who want to understand the discourse about human rights in a holistic (moral, legal, social, economic, and political) framework.