The seminar on 'Freedom of Association' was held in Reykjavik (Iceland) from 26 to 28 August 1993. It was organised by the Directorate of Human Rights of the Council of Europe in cooperation with the Ministry of Justice of Iceland, and dealt with the following four themes: freedom of association and political democracy; freedom of association and civil society; freedom of association and social democracy; freedom to form and join or not to join trade unions. Written communications were presented on the following subjects: case law of Article 11 of the European Convention on Human Rights, freedom of association and the freedom of associations, freedom of association of immigrants in Europe, freedom of association and public service and freedom of association, labour law and the needs of a democratic society. About one hundred personalities took part: representatives of governments of member States, representatives of non-governmental organisations, members of the European Commission and Court of Human Rights, professors and other interested persons from Central, Western and Eastern Europe competent in the fields covered by the themes of the Seminar. This publication contains the Proceedings of the Seminar: the official speeches made at the opening ceremony, the reports and written communications, the interventions, the final report and the list of participants. Le Séminaire sur la 'Liberté d'association' a eu lieu à Reykjavik (Islande) du 26 au 28 août 1993. Il a été organisé par la Direction des Droits de l'Homme du Conseil de l'Europe en collaboration avec le Ministère de la Justice de l'Islande. Les travaux du Séminaire de Reykjavik ont été axés sur les quatre thèmes suivants: liberté d'association et démocratie politique; liberté des associations et société civile; liberté d'association et démocratie sociale; liberté de fonder avec d'autres des syndicats et de s'y affilier. Des communications écrites ont été présentées sur les questions suivantes: jurisprudence de l'Article 11 de la Convention européenne des Droits de l'Homme, liberté d'association et libertés des associations, liberté d'association des immigrés en Europe, liberté d'association et fonction publique et liberté d'association, droit du travail et les besoins d'une société démocratique. Une centaine de personnalités y ont participé: représentants de gouvernements des pays membres et d'organisations non gouvernementales, membres de la Commission et de la Cour européennes des Droits de l'Homme, personnalités du monde académique et autres personnalités de l'Europe occidentale, centrale et orientale compétentes dans les secteurs concernés par les thèmes du Séminaire. La présente publication contient les actes du Séminaire: les allocutions officielles faites lors de la cérémonie d'ouverture, les rapports et communications écrites présentés, les interventions, le rapport final et la liste des participants.

Throughout the world, hundreds of thousands of people are addicted to opiates. The human, economic, and societal costs of this addiction are staggering: more than one-quarter of prison inmates are incarcerated for drug offenses and there has been a dramat.

The Government and authorities in Brazil were faced with a tragic accident in Goiânia resulting from the misuse of a strongly radioactive medical teletherapy source not under radiation protection surveillance. The present report is divided into four parts: a chronology of destruction of the source, discovery of the accident and initial response; a description of the human consequences and the dosimetry and treatment of seriously exposed and contaminated persons; an account of the assessment of the environmental contamination and the remedial actions taken; and observations and recommendations. Appendices and annexes give an assessment of the effectiveness of international co-operation in the emergency response, and provide further information on: public communications; radiological survey equipment; guidelines for the discharge of patients; radiological protection; chemical decontamination; and the lessons learned.

Report presents a series of analyses and recommendations for fostering the role of culture for sustainable development. Drawing on a global survey implemented with nine regional partners and insights from scholars, NGOs and urban thinkers, the report offers a global overview of urban heritage safeguarding, conservation and management, as well as the promotion of cultural and creative industries, highlighting their role as resources for sustainable urban development. Report is intended as a policy framework document to support governments in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Urban Development and the New Urban Agenda.