The Mouton World Atlas of Variation in English (WAVE) presents grammatical variation in spontaneous spoken English, mapping 235 features in 48 varieties of English (traditional dialects, high-contact mother tongue Englishes, and indiginized second-language Englishes) and 26 English-based Pidgins and Creoles in eight Anglophone world regions (Africa, Asia, Australia, British Isles, the Caribbean, North America, the Pacific, and the South Atlantic). The analyses of the 74 varieties are based on descriptive materials, naturalistic corpus data, and native speaker knowledge.

Krio is a Creole language derived from English and several African languages. It is the lingua franca of Sierra Leone. The only Krio dictionary and phrasebook available, this guide contains the first ever English-Krio word lists, which are essential for foreign learners. Ideal for travelers, medical and aid workers, and students.

This book focuses on language, culture, and identity in nineteen countries in Africa. Leading specialists, mainly from Africa, describe national linguistic and political histories, assess the status of majority and minority languages, and consider the role of language in ethnic conflict.

Pichi is an Afro-Caribbean English-lexifier Creole spoken on the island of Bioko, Equatorial Guinea. It is an offshoot of 19th century Krio (Sierra Leone) and shares many characteristics with West African relatives like Nigerian Pidgin, Cameroon Pidgin, and Ghanaian Pidgin English, as well as with the English-lexifier creoles of the insular and continental Caribbean. This comprehensive description presents a detailed analysis of the grammar and phonology of Pichi. It also includes a collection of texts and wordlists. Pichi features a nominative-accusative alignment, SVO word order, adjective-noun order, prenominal determiners, and prepositions. The language has a seven-vowel system and twenty-two consonant phonemes. Pichi has a two-tone system with tonal minimal pairs, morphological tone, and tonal processes. The morphological structure is largely isolating. Pichi has a rich system of tense-aspect-mood marking, an indicative-subjunctive opposition, and a complex copular system with several suppletive forms. Many features align Pichi with the Atlantic-Congo languages spoken in the West African littoral zone. At the same time, characteristics like the prenominal position of adjectives and determiners show a typological overlap with its lexifier English, while extensive contact with Spanish has left an imprint on the lexicon and grammar as well.

Sierra Leone is a country located in West Africa, bordered to the north and northeast by Guinea, to the southeast by Liberia, and to the west and southwest by the Atlantic Ocean. The country has a tropical climate characterized by two seasons: the dry season from November to April, and the wet season from May to October. The official language is English, although Krio, a Creole language, is widely spoken. Sierra Leone has a diverse population made up of Temne, Mende, Limba, and Krio peoples, among others. Sierra Leone gained independence from Britain in 1961 and experienced a period of political instability and civil war, which lasted from 1991 to 2002. The civil war was fought between government forces and the Revolutionary United Front (RUF), a rebel group that aimed to overthrow the government. The conflict was characterized by violent attacks on civilians, including chopping off limbs, sexual violence, and the use of child soldiers. Since the end of the war, Sierra Leone has made progress in democratization and economic development, although it still faces challenges such as poverty, corruption, and high youth unemployment rates.