In Africa, as in many parts of the world, adolescent reproductive health is a controversial issue for policy makers and programme planners. Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to HIV and AIDS and to a host of other problems such as sexually transmitted infection, unwanted pregnancy, unsafe abortions, sexual abuse, female genital mutilation and unsafe circumcision. Yet many countries do not have adolescent health policies in place and much remains to be done to ensure that adolescents can access appropriate sexual and reproductive health services. The authors of this volume present new perspectives and strategies to promote adolescent sexual and reproductive health. In particular, they make a unique attempt to bring together social and biomedical science and to disseminate concrete empirical evidence from existing programmes, carefully analysing what works and what does not at the local level.

"This report describes and discusses primary and secondary school-based HIV/AIDS and sexual and reproductive health education in selected countries in the Asia and Pacific region. The countries included are Brunei, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam"--Page 2.

The HIV/AIDS has killed more than 25 million people since it was first recognized in 1981, making it one of the most destructive pandemics in recorded history. The adolescents generally tend to have highs levels of knowledge about the meaning of HIV transmission. However somewhat lower levels of knowledge about effective means of protection lack some critical information and hold a number of misconceptions about the risks associated with casual contact. Knowledge about HIV/AIDS is clear important young people to preventive actions such as condom use. The aim of this study was to determine the level of knowledge, attitude and practices related to HIV/AIDS prevention among secondary school students in Klang district. A cross-sectional study design was used. The study population was secondary school students in Klang district. Data was collected from 9th of February to 28th of March 2009 using a pre-tested self-administrated (Bahasa Malaysia) questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Out of the 2273 student; 61.7% were male. Majority were Malays (37.2%) followed by Chinese (35.7%) and Indians (26.0%). The mean age ranged from 14 to 18 years. The overall mean age among the males (15.48 SD ±1.14 years) was not significantly different from that of the females (15.49 SD±0.04 years) (t + -0.26, df = 2271, p>0.05). The main sources of information for HIV/AIDS awareness reported by the respondents were the print media (62.3%). The overall mean knowledge score of the respondents was 7.01 (SD ±3.62) and ranged from 0 to 15 points. One hundred and eighteen students 5.2% obtained 0 (zero) marks in knowledge questions score and 88.8% of students had less than 75% of full marks in knowledge question score. The result of this study revealed that although the majority (77.7%) of students knew that AIDS is fatal disease almost 52% were not aware that there is no cure for AIDS and only 23.7% knew that there is no vaccine that can stop people from getting HIV. More than half of the participants believed that HIV transmission was possible through casual contact with HIV-positive persons, such as sharing food (68.6%), sharing a glass of water (71.1%) and from mosquito bites (60.4%). Abstaining from sexual intercourse, having one uninfected faithful sex partner and use of condoms as an HIV prevention measure was not well understood among the participants, as indicated by incorrect response rate of 55.7%. 63.5% and respectively. Mean attitude score toward HIV/AIDS was 25.32 (SD ±3.60) and ranged from 8 to 45 points. Mean practice score regarding HIV/AIDS was 4.53 (SD ±1.063) and ranged from 0 to 6 points and mean sexual behavior score was 3.73 (SD ±0.78) and ranged from 0 to 6 points. The results also showed that knowledge of respondents was significantly associated with age (F =33.41, p = 0.001) and academic grade (F = 31.47, p = 0.001). Attitude related to HIV/AIDS was significantly associated with age (F = 10.52, p =0.001), mother's education (F =2.87, p =0.035) and academic grade (F = 21.03, p = 0.002). The practice of respondents related to HIV/AIDS was significantly associated with gender (F = 153.95, p = 0.001), age (F = 9.32, p = 0.001), religion (F = 2.82, p = 0.024), family income (F = 2.88, p= 0.035) and academic grade (F = 4.56, p = 0.001). In conclusion, the result of study showed that the level of knowledge related to HIV/AIDS among secondary school students in Klang is not satisfactory. There is considerable misconception regarding transmission and prevention of HIV/AIDS. The respondents seem to have unfavorable attitude on the prevention of HIV/AIDS. Among 6.1% of student that admitted to have ever had sexual intercourse, only 43.1% of them reported that they or their partners used condom at last sexual intercourse. It is recommended that peer-ed intervention on improvement of knowledge, attitudes and behavior of secondary school children related to HIV prevention be implemented.