The 33rd Annual German Conference on Arti?cial Intelligence (KI 2010) took place at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, September 21–24, 2010, under the motto “Anthropomatic Systems.” In this volume you will ?nd the keynote paper and 49 papers of oral and poster presentations. The papers were selected from 73 submissions, resulting in an acceptance rate of 67%. As usual at the KI conferences, two entire days were allocated for targeted workshops—seventhis year—andone tutorial. The workshopand tutorialma- rials are not contained in this volume, but the conference website, www.ki2010.kit.edu,will provide information and references to their contents. Recent trends in AI research have been focusing on anthropomatic systems, which address synergies between humans and intelligent machines. This trend is emphasized through the topics of the overall conference program. They include learning systems, cognition, robotics, perception and action, knowledge rep- sentation and reasoning, and planning and decision making. Many topics deal with uncertainty in various scenarios and incompleteness of knowledge. Summarizing, KI 2010 provides a cross section of recent research in modern AI methods and anthropomatic system applications. We are very grateful that Jos ́ edel Mill ́ an, Hans-Hellmut Nagel, Carl Edward Rasmussen, and David Vernon accepted our invitation to give a talk.

The 33rd Annual German Conference on Arti?cial Intelligence (KI 2010) took place at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, September 21–24, 2010, under the motto “Anthropomatic Systems.” In this volume you will ?nd the keynote paper and 49 papers of oral and poster presentations. The papers were selected from 73 submissions, resulting in an acceptance rate of 67%. As usual at the KI conferences, two entire days were allocated for targeted workshops—seventhis year—andone tutorial. The workshopand tutorialma- rials are not contained in this volume, but the conference website, www.ki2010.kit.edu,will provide information and references to their contents. Recent trends in AI research have been focusing on anthropomatic systems, which address synergies between humans and intelligent machines. This trend is emphasized through the topics of the overall conference program. They include learning systems, cognition, robotics, perception and action, knowledge rep- sentation and reasoning, and planning and decision making. Many topics deal with uncertainty in various scenarios and incompleteness of knowledge. Summarizing, KI 2010 provides a cross section of recent research in modern AI methods and anthropomatic system applications. We are very grateful that Jos ́ edel Mill ́ an, Hans-Hellmut Nagel, Carl Edward Rasmussen, and David Vernon accepted our invitation to give a talk.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 37th Annual German Conference on Artificial Intelligence, KI 2014, held in Stuttgart, Germany, in September 2014. The 24 revised full papers presented together with 7 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 62 submissions. The papers are organized in thematic topics on cognitive modeling, computer vision, constraint satisfaction, search, and optimization, knowledge representation and reasoning, machine learning and data mining, planning and scheduling.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 34th Annual German Conference on Artificial Intelligence, KI 2011, held in Berlin, Germany, in October 2011. The 32 revised full papers presented together with 3 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 81 submissions. The papers are divided in topical sections on computational learning and datamining, knowledge representation and reasonings, augmented reality, swarm intelligence; and planning and scheduling.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 39th Annual German Conference on Artificial Intelligence, KI 2016, in conjunction with the Österreichische Gesellschaft für Artificial Intelligence, ÖGAI, held in Klagenfurt, Austria, in September 2016. The 8 revised full technical papers presented together with 12 technical communications, and 16 extended abstracts were carefully reviewed and selected from 44 submissions. The conference provides the opportunity to present a wider range of results and ideas that are of interest to the KI audience, including reports about recent own publications, position papers, and previews of ongoing work.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 36th Annual German Conference on Artificial Intelligence, KI 2013, held in Koblenz, Germany, in September 2013. The 24 revised full papers presented together with 8 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 70 submissions. The papers contain research results on theory and applications of all aspects of AI.

What can we learn from spontaneously occurring brain and other physiological signals about an individual’s cognitive and affective state and how can we make use of this information? One line of research that is actively involved with this question is Passive Brain-Computer-Interfaces (BCI). To date most BCIs are aimed at assisting patients for whom brain signals could form an alternative output channel as opposed to more common human output channels, like speech and moving the hands. However, brain signals (possibly in combination with other physiological signals) also form an output channel above and beyond the more usual ones: they can potentially provide continuous, online information about an individual’s cognitive and affective state without the need of conscious or effortful communication. The provided information could be used in a number of ways. Examples include monitoring cognitive workload through EEG and skin conductance for adaptive automation or using ERPs in response to errors to correct for a behavioral response. While Passive BCIs make use of online (neuro)physiological responses and close the interaction cycle between a user and a computer system, (neuro)physiological responses can also be used in an offline fashion. Examples of this include detecting amygdala responses for neuromarketing, and measuring EEG and pupil dilation as indicators of mental effort for optimizing information systems. The described field of applied (neuro)physiology can strongly benefit from high quality scientific studies that control for confounding factors and use proper comparison conditions. Another area of relevance is ethics, ranging from dubious product claims, acceptance of the technology by the general public, privacy of users, to possible effects that these kinds of applications may have on society as a whole. In this Research Topic we aimed to publish studies of the highest scientific quality that are directed towards applications that utilize spontaneously, effortlessly generated neurophysiological signals (brain and/or other physiological signals) reflecting cognitive or affective state. We especially welcomed studies that describe specific real world applications demonstrating a significant benefit compared to standard applications. We also invited original, new kinds of (proposed) applications in this area as well as comprehensive review articles that point out what is and what is not possible (according to scientific standards) in this field. Finally, we welcomed manuscripts on the ethical issues that are involved. Connected to the Research Topic was a workshop (held on June 6, during the Fifth International Brain-Computer Interface Meeting, June 3-7, 2013, Asilomar, California) that brought together a diverse group of people who were working in this field. We discussed the state of the art and formulated major challenges, as reflected in the first paper of the Research Topic.