"Building upon the rapidly-growing body of literature documenting how natural systems are responding to, and are at risk from, human-induced climate change, this book provides case-study examples of how a diverse range of species and ecological systems in California are changing with the climate. These case studies originate from multiple ecological fields (genetics, population biology, habitat studies, community ecology, landscape ecology, paleobiology) and are framed by chapters describing approaches and tools for climate-adaptation planning, reviewing climate impacts and biological responses, and encouraging the use of historical data. This framing emphasizes the need for partnerships between researchers and resource managers in addressing climate-related challenges, and highlights how communication strengthens these partnerships with 'conversations' between chapter authors and managers. Such connections help move advances in science from research reports to 'on the ground' changes that help protect species, and support all life"--Provided by publisher.

Age analysis for 22 years (1980 excluded) showed that the overall percentages for female spawners was 53% (4-year olds), 38% (3-year olds), and 9% (5-year olds). The age composition of male spawners showed a high degree of variability throughout the study. Male chinook of age 2, 3 and 4 were dominant annually, but 5- and 6- year old fish were present in most spawning seasons. All chinook carcasses from which scales were collected were also measured for length (over 120 samples in 22 years). Decreases in mean length were documented for all age classes for each of the El Nino episodes that occurred during the study (1982-1984; 1992-1993; 1997-1998). The decreases in mean length appeared to carry forward for each cohort's age class. The total number of chinook redds was tabulated by counting "fresh" redds during weekly spawning surveys. The mean number of redds was 117 for the 23-year period with a mean of 0.9 redds per adult salmon or 1.8 redds per female.