International Standard Banking Practice (ISBP) for the examination of documents under documentary credits, answers the most relevant questions practitioners have concerning how UCP 500, ICC's universally used rules on documentary credits, are to be integrated into day-to-day practice. The product of more than two years of work by the ICC Banking Commission, ISBP is based on the official Opinions issued by the Banking Commission in response to queries submitted by users of UCP 500. The text provides responses to the key questions relating to the examination of drafts, multimodal transport documents, insurance documents, certificates of origin and a range of other documents associates with letters of credit. This publication reflects international standard banking practice for all parties to a documentary credit. Figures show that 60%-70% of credits are rejected for discrepancies on first presentation. The new ISBP, by encouraging a uniformity of practice worldwide, is expected to cut these figures dramatically and, by doing so, to facilitate the flow of world trade.

Standby and Commercial Letters of Credit, Third Edition alerts you to current developments and discusses the recent UCP600, former UCP500, ISP98, UCC Article 5, and current trade practices and problems. The authors review letter of credit law and practices, helping to resolve concerns of applicants, beneficiaries, and issuers. This essential resource includes: Sample forms and clauses, procedures and checklists Current court cases and extensive Table of Cases What can happen to letters of credit in bankruptcy and insolvency proceedings Fraud and injunction nightmares Cross-reference table UCP600 and UCP500 Strategies for bank reimbursement agreements Standby and Commercial Letters of Credit, Third Edition gives you immediate guidance when you need it most. And it supplies real-world letters of credit situations, with analyses of what was done right and wrong.

The papers herein are volume 2 of the proceedings of the 11th International Wheat Genetics Symposium, held in Brisbane, Australia, in 2008. The series presents the science of the genetic sciences applied to bread and durum wheats and other species.

Between 2003 and 2011 Kim Christensen published a number of trade finance related articles in various magazines and websites. July 2011 Kim Christensen changed name to Kim Sindberg. This book presents the majority of feature articles written by Kim Christensen. For each article a fresh comment has been written for the purpose of providing background, context and additional information.

This book comprehensively examines the entire legal process of the international sale of goods, beginning with the creation of the contract and continuing through to either the fulfilment of the sale, or the termination of the contract. Every day goods are globally traded between sellers and buyers in different countries and different jurisdictions. The distances between the parties involved in such transactions, and the relative risks related to that, are a key issue in international commercial sales. Sales of goods carried by sea, thus, differ quite drastically from domestic sales; the goods will be normally shipped at a port very distant from the buyer, preventing his physical presence at the port of loading. Further, the goods will travel in the custody of a carrier, a party normally quite independent from either trader. Finally, transactions concluded on shipment terms are normally irreversible, in the sense that shipping the goods back to the seller represents an unlikely option for the buyer. Traders around the world very frequently choose English law to govern their contracts, with disputes to be resolved through London arbitration or litigation. The basis of that law is to be found in the English Sale of Goods Act 1979, and the book consequently also includes an examination of the fundamental principles of that Act, as well as considering use of the Vienna Convention on the International Sale of Goods. This book will be an invaluable reference point for legal practitioners specialising in the sale of goods, as well as postgraduate students and academic researchers working in sales of goods and the international trade sector.

If you think that the rules of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), Paris on trade finance and documentary credits have no surprises left for you, then read this book very carefully from cover to cover. Whether you are a trade finance veteran or a recent entrant, the articles in this book will provide you with a few unconventional and unusual perspectives about the UCP and the ISBP rules. The book discusses selected provisions of UCP 600, and also raises several pertinent questions. For example, does the SWIFT MT700 really provide for an expiry date? Is article 15 necessary? Why shouldn’t UCP sub-article 16(f) apply to a nominated bank? Did you know that UCP article 10 on amendments has a huge logical error? Why are some critical rules missing in the UCP (they are only in the ISBP)? Are you aware that sub-articles 14(g), and 14(h) on non-documentary conditions, are both incorrectly structured? Which ICC ‘rules’ apply if a presentation contains only copies of transport documents? Must a B/L or a MMTD show a date of issue? What is ‘negotiation’? Why is the place where a credit is available of critical importance to an exporter/beneficiary? Go ahead and read the book. It will provide you with plenty of food for thought, a deeper understanding of the rules of trade finance, and value for money.

Reliability and Maintenance: Networks and Systems gives an up-to-date presentation of system and network reliability analysis as well as maintenance planning with a focus on applicable models. Balancing theory and practice, it presents state-of-the-art research in key areas of reliability and maintenance theory and includes numerous examples and ex