The ‘Science of properties’ represents a large and fascinating part of Arabic technical literature. The book of ʿĪsā ibn ʿAlī (9th cent.) ‘On the useful properties of animal parts’ was the first of such compositions in Arabic. His author was a Syriac physician, disciple of Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq, who worked at the Abbasid court during the floruit of the translation movement. For the composition of his book, as a multilingual scholar, he collected many different antique and late antique sources. The structure of the text itself—a collection of recipes that favoured a fluid transmission—becomes here the key to a new formal analysis that oriented the editorial solutions as well. The ‘Book on the useful properties of animal parts’ is a new tile that the Arabic tradition offers to the larger mosaic representing the transfer of technical knowledge in pre-modern times. This text is an important passage in that process of acquisition and original elaboration of knowledge that characterized the early Abbasid period.

The Oxford Handbook of Galen provides a comprehensive overview of the life, work, and legacy of Galen (129--c. 216 CE), arguably the most important medical figure of the Graeco-Roman world. It contains essays by thirty leading experts on Galen's life and background, his medical theories, his therapeutic and clinical practices, and his philosophical contributions in the areas of logic, epistemology, causation, scientific method, and ethics. The authors also discuss the most important pathways of the transmission of his texts and his intellectual legacy, from late antiquity to early modern times and from western Europe to Tibet and China.

The Muqaddimah (ألمقدمة), often translated as "Introduction" or "Prolegomenon," is the most important Islamic history of the premodern world. Written by the great fourteenth-century Arab scholar Ibn Khaldun (d. 1406), this monumental work established the foundations of several fields of knowledge, including the philosophy of history, sociology, ethnography, and economics. The first complete English translation, by the eminent Islamicist and interpreter of Arabic literature Franz Rosenthal, was published in three volumes in 1958 as part of the Bollingen Series and received immediate acclaim in the United States and abroad.

Al-Khisal is a collection of religious and moral precepts from reliable works on the subject compiled by Sheikh Sadooq. Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ali ibn al-Hussein ibn Musa ibn Babooyeh Al-Qumi nicknamed Sheikh Sadooq was a jurist and a prominent scholar on Shiite traditions. Sheikh Tousi in his Al-Istibsar which is one of the four major Shiite reference books has nicknamed him Imad Al-Din that means the pillar of religion. About his date and place of birth there is no exact information. Ibn Babooyeh was brought up in a learned family in Qum and in his youth was educated by famous teachers of the city. On an unknown date Ibn Babooyeh left Qum for Ray which was the capital of the Buwahids and settled in that city. In 352 A.H. (963 A.D.) with the permission of Rukn ad-Dawlah the governor of Ray, he left for the holy city of Mashhad to perform the pilgrimage to the holy shrine of Imam Reza (MGB[2] ). The main characteristic of Ibn Babooyeh is that by stressing on traditions, he explains and proves theological arguments. His jurisprudence is also based on traditions. He considers analogy and deduction not permissible.