The emphasis on vocational education and access to different types of vocational training across demographic groups vary considerably around the world. Gender, racial and ethnic patterns prevail and these set the stage for new research on vocational education and for new policy initiatives that create new opportunities for specialization in vocational training. This e-book covers major topics regarding gender and racial differences in vocational training, and provides perspective for researchers, educators, and policymakers by addressing the imbalances in access to training and types of traini.

Descriptions and evaluations of the vocational education services delivered to special populations, the effects of the Carl D. Perkins Act of 1984 in modernizing the vocational education system, the impact of vocational education on academic skills and employment opportunities, and other topics as mandated by Congress in the Act (Section 403[a]).