For courses that investigate race, class, and gender issues in Criminal Justice. A deep exploration of justice--its meaning and administration--through consideration of difference Investigating Difference examines the full range of individual differences across the entire criminal justice system. With a focus on positive solutions, the Third Edition moves beyond a prioritization of race to emphasize the multitude of social identity categories that matter in the justice system. Written by esteemed faculty and leading scholars in the field, this edition includes new chapters on intersectionality, specialty courts, and whiteness; newly authored and conceptualized chapters on gender, sexual orientation and gender identity, victimization, African Americans, Asian Americans, immigration, disability, and religion; a look at globalization and its impact on victims, offenders, and practitioners; and updated statistics and policy information throughout.

This book focuses on the dynamic relationships among individual difference (ID) variables (i.e., willingness to communicate, motivation, language anxiety and boredom) in learning English as a foreign language in the virtual world Second Life. The theoretical part provides an overview of selected issues related to the four ID factors in question (e.g., definitions, models, sources, types, empirical investigations). The empirical part reports the findings of a research project which aimed to examine the changing nature of WTC, motivation, boredom and language anxiety experienced by six English majors during their visits to the said virtual world, the main contributors to the changes in the levels of the constructs under investigation, as well as their relationships. The book closes with the discussion of directions for further research as well as pedagogical implications.

Investigating Difference examines the full range of individual differences across the entire criminal justice system. Moving beyond just race and gender, it tackles differences based on experience, age, socio-economic class, disabilities and more. Written by a variety of leaders in the field, it looks at how these variances impact all people within the system, including victims, offenders, and service providers. This edition continues to emphasize positive solutions and includes new "case-in-point" illustrations that discuss how difference matters. For anyone interested in the criminal justice system with regard to diversity and multicultural issues.

This edited book brings together ten empirical papers reporting original studies investigating different facets of individual variation second language learning and teaching. The individual difference factors covered include, among others, motivation, self, anxiety, emotions, willingness to communicate, beliefs, age, and language learning strategies. What is especially important, some of the contributions to the volume offer insights into intricate interplays of these factors while others attempt to relate them to learning specific target language subsystems or concrete instructional options. All the chapters also include tangible implications for language pedagogy. The book is of interest to both researchers examining the role of individual variation in second language learning and teaching, teacher trainers, graduate and doctoral students in foreign languages departments, as well as practitioners wishing to enhance the effectiveness of second language instruction in their classrooms.

"Introduction to interviews and investigations for paralegal students"--

The brainstem is one of the least understood parts of the human brain despite its prime importance for the maintenance of basic vital functions. Owing to its role as a relay station between spinal cord, cerebellum and neocortex, the brainstem contains vital nodes of all functional systems in the central nervous system, including the visual, auditory, gustatory, vestibular, somatic and visceral senses, and the somatomotor as well as autonomic nervous systems. While the brainstem has been extensively studied in animals using invasive methods, human studies remain scarce. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a non-invasive and widely available method is one possibility to access the brainstem in humans and measure its structure as well as function. The close vicinity of the brainstem to large arteries and ventricles and the small size of the anatomical structures, however, place high demands on imaging as well as data analysis methods. Nevertheless, the field of brainstem-(f)MRI has significantly advanced in the past few years, largely due to the development of several new tools that facilitate studying this critical part of the human brain. Within this scope, the goal of this Research Topic is to compile work representing the state of the art in functional and structural MRI of the human brainstem.