Discusses All Classes Of Vertebrates Including Their Body Structures, Feeding Habits, Where They Live And Their Reproductive Cycles.

This final volume in the treatise Keys to Parastic Nematodes is devoted to the characters of five suborders of nematodes, compiled by five specialists. Suborder Trichocephalata and Diotophymata were compiled by K.I. Skryabin and N.P. Shikhobalova, and Rhabditata and Tylenchata by A.A. Sobolev and A.A. Paramonov. A.A. Sobolev analyzed the material on Camallanta, while V.E. Sudarikov compiled the chapter on the distribution of all known nematodes in different hosts recorded thus far, for all four volumes of this key. The importance of this volume is enhanced further by the most comprehensive index of animal hosts of all known parasitic nematodes reviewed. This comprehensive work is the first of its kind in helminthological literature; this type of treatise has never before been published in any country to date.

As a result of the European Commission’s concern for the status of continental waters, and as a clear reflection of the notion of water as heritage to be conserved, in the year 2000 the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/CE) was enacted, its goal being to establish a framework to protect water and the different aquatic ecosystems by requiring the Member States to achieve a good ecological status in all their waters by 2015. Like all ecosystems, freshwater ecosystems undergo physical, chemical and energy-related changes, both of natural and anthropogenic origin. These disturbances affect the organisms living in them and those who utilize their resources. Therefore, evaluating these changes has become a very important task in order to better understand aquatic systems. The study and analysis of the ecological status of these ecosystems in relation to their conservation status and water quality is thus a fundamental tool for a more efficient and rational management of their resources, that is, a management that does not threaten the ecosystem. The present guide for the identification of Spanish freshwater macroinvertebrates aims to facilitate the job of those who go to great lengths to identify them in order to then determine biotic indices. It is not the aim of this book to serve as a zoological treaty, nor does it claim to add new information on the biology or the ecology of the taxa covered. This book is, simply, a working tool explicitly designed to facilitate the identification of the Spanish macroinvertebrates and the subsequent computing of biotic indices.