Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant source of death and permanent disability, contributing to nearly one-third of all injury related deaths in the United States and exacting a profound personal and economic toll. Despite the increased resources that have recently been brought to bear to improve our understanding of TBI, the developme

This book provides a valuable guide to understanding idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), which is a very complex and painful disease. It is a chronic, often disabling condition resulting in headaches, visual loss, and ringing in the ears. This condition was thought to be rare but is becoming much more common, especially as the population becomes more overweight. Patients with this condition often suffer from intractable headaches with poor quality of life. Very few physicians specialize in this condition, and as a result, there is almost no information or resources available to those trying to understand this condition. The text is designed to take very complex neurosurgical anatomy, principles, and treatments and reduce them down into simple principles. The book contains 12 chapters, each organized into distinct sections. All chapters also contain key points from those paragraphs to summarize useful take home messages. Written by an expert specializing in this debilitating condition, Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Explained serves as a valuable guide towards understanding and treating IIH. The ultimate goal is to empower patients and families with knowledge about the disease.

This second edition presents core clinical neuroanesthesia and neurointensive care knowledge in a practical, user-friendly format.

Since the early days of neurosurgery the management of patients with intracranial hypertension has formed part of the day-to-day routine of the neurosurgeon. The introduction of modem techniques for the clinical monitoring of the intracranial pressure (ICP) meant a firmer basis for the diagnosis and treatment of these patients but it also started a new research boom in the pathophysiology of ICP, and its integration with the intracranial dynamics and metabolism of the brain. This development was clearly demonstrated at the first ICP symposium which was most successfully arranged in 1972 by Hermann Dietz and Mario Brock at the Medizinische Hochschule of Hannover. The widespread interest in ICP problems which was so obviously demonstrated during this meeting evoked the idea that further ICP symposia might be warranted. At a final conference the organizers and members of the advisory board agreed that a second ICP symposium should be arranged two years later, and suggested that it should be held in Lund. This volume contains the papers presented at the Second ICP Symposium held in Lund on June 17-19, 1974. A total of 132 papers were submitted. 102 were accepted and included in the abstract volume which was issued to all participants beforehand. The selection was made by the organizing committee in co-operation with the advisory board and the chairmen.

This e-book will review special features of the cerebral circulation and how they contribute to the physiology of the brain. It describes structural and functional properties of the cerebral circulation that are unique to the brain, an organ with high metabolic demands and the need for tight water and ion homeostasis. Autoregulation is pronounced in the brain, with myogenic, metabolic and neurogenic mechanisms contributing to maintain relatively constant blood flow during both increases and decreases in pressure. In addition, unlike peripheral organs where the majority of vascular resistance resides in small arteries and arterioles, large extracranial and intracranial arteries contribute significantly to vascular resistance in the brain. The prominent role of large arteries in cerebrovascular resistance helps maintain blood flow and protect downstream vessels during changes in perfusion pressure. The cerebral endothelium is also unique in that its barrier properties are in some way more like epithelium than endothelium in the periphery. The cerebral endothelium, known as the blood-brain barrier, has specialized tight junctions that do not allow ions to pass freely and has very low hydraulic conductivity and transcellular transport. This special configuration modifies Starling's forces in the brain microcirculation such that ions retained in the vascular lumen oppose water movement due to hydrostatic pressure. Tight water regulation is necessary in the brain because it has limited capacity for expansion within the skull. Increased intracranial pressure due to vasogenic edema can cause severe neurologic complications and death.

This volume contains the papers presented at the First International .ijm posium on Intracranial Pressure, held at the Neurosurgical Clinic of the Medizi nische Hochschule Hannover (Hannover Medical School), July 27 to 29, 1972. The texts submitted have been included in their original form whenever possible. The editors have made only minor corrections and rearrangements, since rapid publication was considered to be more important than homoge neity in style. The sessions of this book correspond to the sessions of the sym posium. At the end of each session the reader will find a summary of the topics presented and discussed, especially prepared by the chairman and co-chairman concerned. Three main aspects ofICP were dealt with at the Symposium: Methodology (Sessions 1 and 2), Pathophysiology (Sessions 3 to 6), and Clinical Aspects (Ses sions 7 to 10). Following the symposium a special round table was held on the major topics covered by the meeting. The participants of this round table discussed drafts prepared by T. W. LANGFITT, B. JENNETT and N. LUNDBERG. These contributions have also been included as special chapters at the end of this book, and are believed to reflect the current attitudes as to the topics discussed.