The 2008 edition of the Passive and Active Measurement Conference was the ninth of a series of successful events. Since 2000, the Passive and Active M- surement (PAM) conference has provided a forum for presenting and discussing innovative and early work in the area of Internet measurement. PAM has a tradition of being a workshop-like conference with lively discussion and active participation from all attendees. This event focuses on research and practical applications of network measurement and analysis techniques. This year’s c- ference was held in Cleveland, Ohio. PAM2008’s call for papers attracted 71 submissions. Each paper was ca- fully reviewed by at least three members of the Technical Program Committee. The reviewing process led to the acceptance of 23 papers. The papers were - ranged into eight sessions covering the following areas: addressing and topology, applications,classi?cationandsampling,measurementsystems andframeworks, wireless 802.11, tools, characterization and trends, and malware and anomalies. We are very grateful to Endace, Intel and Cisco Systems whose sponsoring allowed us to keep low registration costs and also to o?er several travel grants to PhD students. We are also grateful to Case Western Reserve University for sponsoring PAM as a host.

Ad hoc networks refer to the wireless networking paradigm that covers a variety of network forms for specific purposes, such as mobile ad hoc networks, sensor n- works, vehicular networks, underwater networks, underground networks, personal area networks, and home networks. The various forms of ad hoc networks promise a broad scope of applications in civilian, commercial, and military areas, which have led to significant new research problems and challenges, and have attracted great efforts from academia, industry, and government. This unique networking paradigm neces- tates re-examination of many established wireless networking concepts and protocols, and calls for developing new fundamental understanding of problems such as interf- ence, mobility, connectivity, capacity, and security, among others. While it is ess- tial to advance theoretical research on fundamentals and practical research on efficient algorithms and protocols, it is also critical to develop useful applications, experim- tal prototypes, and real-world deployments to achieve a practical impact on our so- ety for the success of this networking paradigm. The annual International Conference on Ad Hoc Networks (AdHocNets) is a new event that aims at providing a forum to bring together researchers from academia as well as practitioners from industry and government to meet and exchange ideas and recent research work on all aspects of ad hoc networks. As the first edition of this event, AdHocNets 2009 was successfully held in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada, during September 22–25, 2009.

This open access proceedings includes original, unpublished, peer-reviewed research papers from the International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Applications (WCNA2021), held in Berlin, Germany on December 17-19th, 2021. The topics covered include but are not limited to wireless communications, networking and applications.The papers showcased here share the latest findings on methodologies, algorithms and applications in communication and network, making the book a valuable asset for professors, researchers, engineers, and university students alike. This is an open access book.