International Journal for Social Science Research and Practice (IJSSRP) is an interdisciplinary peer reviewed journal. The objective of the journal is to serve as a forum for the exhibition and dissemination of scholarly activities in forms of current researches and thoughts on contemporary issues. The scope of IJSSRP is wide and all inclusive as it ranges from issues in the United States to global events and happenings. It welcomes all types of researches ranging from field and experimental to rigorous theoretical explanations. It welcomes empirically based studies and discussions based on abstractions and theoretical understanding. IJSSRP will serve as the forum for the promotion of positive exchange between nomothetic and idiographic traditions in the social sciences. The journal is independent of any particular school of thought and does not lean towards any theoretical perspective or viewpoint. Authors are not limited by their nationality, religion, subject matter or theoretical orientation. The journal is however interested in studies that will promote global unity and understanding towards achieving a peaceful global village, global social harmony and economic growth. It therefore promotes studies that can yield practical solutions to contemporary global social problems. Department of Sociology & Criminal Justice Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806 TEL: 804 524 5191

International Journal for Social Science Research and Practice (IJSSRP) is an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed journal. the objective of the journal is to serve as a forum for the exhibition and dissemination of scholarly activities in forms of current researches and thoughts on contemporary issues. the scope of IJSSRP is wide and all-inclusive as it ranges from issues in the United States to global events and happenings. It welcomes all types of researches ranging from field and experimental to rigorous theoretical explanations. It welcomes empirically based studies and discussions based on abstractions and theoretical understanding. IJSSRP will serve as the forum for the promotion of positive exchange between nomothetic and idiographic traditions in the social sciences. the journal is independent of any particular school of thought and does not lean toward any theoretical perspective or viewpoint. Authors are not limited by their nationality, religion, subject matter, or theoretical orientation. the journal is, however, interested in studies that will promote global unity and understanding toward achieving a peaceful global village, global social harmony, and economic growth. It therefore promotes studies that can yield practical solutions to contemporary global social problems.

** Contents available at http://iji.cgpublisher.com/product/pub.88/prod.829 ** The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences aims to examine the nature of disciplinary practices, and the interdisciplinary practices that arise in the context of 'real world' applications. It also interrogates what constitutes 'science' in a social context, and the connections between the social and other sciences. The journal discusses the distinctive disciplinary practices within the sciences of the social, and examines examples of these practices. In order to define and exemplify disciplinarity, the journal fosters dialogue ranging from the broad and speculative to the microcosmic and empirical. In considering the varied interdisciplinary, transdisciplinary or multidisciplinary work across and between the social, natural and applied sciences, the journal showcases interdisciplinary practices in action. The focus of papers ranges from the finely grained and empirical, to wide-ranging multi-disciplinary and transdisciplinary practices, to perspectives on knowledge and method. The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences is peer-reviewed, supported by rigorous, criterion-referenced article ranking and qualitative commentary processes, ensuring that only intellectual work of significance is published.

** Contents available at http://iji.cgpublisher.com/product/pub.88/prod.803 ** The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences aims to examine the nature of disciplinary practices, and the interdisciplinary practices that arise in the context of 'real world' applications. It also interrogates what constitutes 'science' in a social context, and the connections between the social and other sciences. The journal discusses the distinctive disciplinary practices within the sciences of the social, and examines examples of these practices. In order to define and exemplify disciplinarity, the journal fosters dialogue ranging from the broad and speculative to the microcosmic and empirical. In considering the varied interdisciplinary, transdisciplinary or multidisciplinary work across and between the social, natural and applied sciences, the journal showcases interdisciplinary practices in action. The focus of papers ranges from the finely grained and empirical, to wide-ranging multi-disciplinary and transdisciplinary practices, to perspectives on knowledge and method. The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences is peer-reviewed, supported by rigorous, criterion-referenced article ranking and qualitative commentary processes, ensuring that only intellectual work of significance is published.

** Contents available at http: //iji.cgpublisher.com/product/pub.88/prod.1294 **The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences aims to examine the nature of disciplinary practices, and the interdisciplinary practices that arise in the context of 'real world' applications. It also interrogates what constitutes 'science' in a social context, and the connections between the social and other sciences.The journal discusses the distinctive disciplinary practices within the sciences of the social, and examines examples of these practices. In order to define and exemplify disciplinarity, the journal fosters dialogue ranging from the broad and speculative to the microcosmic and empirical. In considering the varied interdisciplinary, transdisciplinary or multidisciplinary work across and between the social, natural and applied sciences, the journal showcases interdisciplinary practices in action. The focus of papers ranges from the finely grained and empirical, to wide-ranging multi-disciplinary and transdisciplinary practices, to perspectives on knowledge and method.The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences is peer-reviewed, supported by rigorous, criterion-referenced article ranking and qualitative commentary processes, ensuring that only intellectual work of significance is published.

** Contents available at http: //iji.cgpublisher.com/product/pub.88/prod.1437 ** The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences aims to examine the nature of disciplinary practices, and the interdisciplinary practices that arise in the context of 'real world' applications. It also interrogates what constitutes 'science' in a social context, and the connections between the social and other sciences. The journal discusses the distinctive disciplinary practices within the sciences of the social, and examines examples of these practices. In order to define and exemplify disciplinarity, the journal fosters dialogue ranging from the broad and speculative to the microcosmic and empirical. In considering the varied interdisciplinary, transdisciplinary or multidisciplinary work across and between the social, natural and applied sciences, the journal showcases interdisciplinary practices in action. The focus of papers ranges from the finely grained and empirical, to wide-ranging multi-disciplinary and transdisciplinary practices, to perspectives on knowledge and method. The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences is peer-reviewed, supported by rigorous, criterion-referenced article ranking and qualitative commentary processes, ensuring that only intellectual work of significance is published.

** Contents available at http: //iji.cgpublisher.com/product/pub.88/prod.1393 **The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences aims to examine the nature of disciplinary practices, and the interdisciplinary practices that arise in the context of 'real world' applications. It also interrogates what constitutes 'science' in a social context, and the connections between the social and other sciences.The journal discusses the distinctive disciplinary practices within the sciences of the social, and examines examples of these practices. In order to define and exemplify disciplinarity, the journal fosters dialogue ranging from the broad and speculative to the microcosmic and empirical. In considering the varied interdisciplinary, transdisciplinary or multidisciplinary work across and between the social, natural and applied sciences, the journal showcases interdisciplinary practices in action. The focus of papers ranges from the finely grained and empirical, to wide-ranging multi-disciplinary and transdisciplinary practices, to perspectives on knowledge and method.The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences is peer-reviewed, supported by rigorous, criterion-referenced article ranking and qualitative commentary processes, ensuring that only intellectual work of significance is published.