Seeks To Trace The Growth Of The Buddhist Community, To Indicate Its Relation To The World Of Hindu And Non-Hindu Society And To Follow The Rise And Development Of The Doctrines From Their Legendary Origin Into The System Which Has Sread Over A Great Part Of Asia. This Reprint Of The Work Originally Published In London In 1933, Contains 19 Chapters, 2 Appendices, 4 Plates, Bibliography And Index.

A cornerstone of Buddhist philosophy, the doctrine of the four noble truths maintains that life is replete with suffering, desire is the cause of suffering, nirvana is the end of suffering, and the way to nirvana is the eightfold noble path. Although the attribution of this seminal doctrine to the historical Buddha is ubiquitous, Rethinking the Buddha demonstrates through a careful examination of early Buddhist texts that he did not envision them in this way. Shulman traces the development of what we now call the four noble truths, which in fact originated as observations to be cultivated during deep meditation. The early texts reveal that other central Buddhist doctrines, such as dependent-origination and selflessness, similarly derived from meditative observations. This book challenges the conventional view that the Buddha's teachings represent universal themes of human existence, allowing for a fresh, compelling explanation of the Buddhist theory of liberation.

Originally published between 1920-70, The History of Civilization was a landmark in early twentieth century publishing. It was published at a formative time within the social sciences, and during a period of decisive historical discovery. The aim of the general editor, C.K. Ogden, was to summarize the most up-to-date findings and theories of historians, anthropologists, archaeologists and sociologists. This reprinted material is available as a set or in the following groupings, or as individual volumes: * Prehistory and Historical Ethnography Set of 12: 0-415-15611-4: 800.00 * Greek Civilization Set of 7: 0-415-15612-2: 450.00 * Roman Civilization Set of 6: 0-415-15613-0: 400.00 * Eastern Civilizations Set of 10: 0-415-15614-9: 650.00 * Judaeo-Christian Civilization Set of 4: 0-415-15615-7: 250.00 * European Civilization Set of 11: 0-415-15616-5: 700.00