Discusses various factors responsible for internal corrosion of pipelines, which include corroding gases like O2, CO2, H2S; different types of bacteria; environmental factors such as temperature and pressure; aqueous chemistry including salinity, buffer ion concentration, ionic composition and pH; flow regimes in case of multiphase flow etc. Mechanisms, causes and effects have been explained in user-friendly language with apt case studies and examples. Internal corrosion of pipes in seawater environment is a very specific issue relevant to coastal, offshore and shipping industry. The options of corrosion resistant materials and corrosion control have been elaborated which can vary depending upon requirement of industry, temperature and flow conditions. Two types of pipeline systems are common to most chemical process industries, viz. cooling water and firewater. They are essential for efficient and safe operation of a chemical process plant. The environmental and flow conditions are different for these lines and unique corrosion control measures, including specific materials of construction, for these two categories of lines have been dealt in this book in separate chapters. A discussion on composite materials has also been included, which are fast emerging as corrosion resistant materials for several environments of pipelines. Corrosion control and monitoring go hand-in-hand and therefore, the aspect of corrosion monitoring and inspection has also been duly covered in this book. Finally, there is a chapter on holistic approach to handle corrosion through corrosion management tools. The chapters have been written by experts in the respective fields. Certainly, this book will be a treasure for all those involved with pipelines in variety of environments of various industries.

Corrosion Protection for the Oil and Gas Industry: Pipelines, Subsea Equipment, and Structures summarizes the main causes of corrosion and requirements for materials protection, selection of corrosion-resistant materials and coating materials commonly used for corrosion protection, and the limitations to their use, application, and repair. This book focuses on the protection of steels against corrosion in an aqueous environment, either immersed in seawater or buried. It also includes guidelines for the design of cathodic protection systems and reviews of cathodic protection methods, materials, installation, and monitoring. It is concerned primarily with the external and internal corrosion protection of onshore pipelines and subsea pipelines, but reference is also made to the protection of other equipment, subsea structures, risers, and shore approaches. Two case studies, design examples, and the author’s own experiences as a pipeline integrity engineer are featured in this book. Readers will develop a high quality and in-depth understanding of the corrosion protection methods available and apply them to solve corrosion engineering problems. This book is aimed at students, practicing engineers, and scientists as an introduction to corrosion protection for the oil and gas industry, as well as to overcoming corrosion issues.

Trends in Oil and Gas Corrosion Research and Technologies: Production and Transmission delivers the most up-to-date and highly multidisciplinary reference available to identify emerging developments, fundamental mechanisms and the technologies necessary in one unified source. Starting with a brief explanation on corrosion management that also addresses today’s most challenging issues for oil and gas production and transmission operations, the book dives into the latest advances in microbiology-influenced corrosion and other corrosion threats, such as stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen damage just to name a few. In addition, it covers testing and monitoring techniques, such as molecular microbiology and online monitoring for surface and subsurface facilities, mitigation tools, including coatings, nano-packaged biocides, modeling and prediction, cathodic protection and new steels and non-metallics. Rounding out with an extensive glossary and list of abbreviations, the book equips upstream and midstream corrosion professionals in the oil and gas industry with the most advanced collection of topics and solutions to responsibly help solve today’s oil and gas corrosion challenges. Covers the latest in corrosion mitigation techniques, such as corrosion inhibitors, biocides, non-metallics, coatings, and modeling and prediction Solves knowledge gaps with the most current technology and discoveries on specific corrosion mechanisms, highlighting where future research and industry efforts should be concentrated Achieves practical and balanced understanding with a full spectrum of subjects presented from multiple academic and world-renowned contributors in the industry

Underground pipelines transporting liquid petroleum products and natural gas are critical components of civil infrastructure, making corrosion prevention an essential part of asset-protection strategy. Underground Pipeline Corrosion provides a basic understanding of the problems associated with corrosion detection and mitigation, and of the state of the art in corrosion prevention. The topics covered in part one include: basic principles for corrosion in underground pipelines, AC-induced corrosion of underground pipelines, significance of corrosion in onshore oil and gas pipelines, numerical simulations for cathodic protection of pipelines, and use of corrosion inhibitors in managing corrosion in underground pipelines. The methods described in part two for detecting corrosion in underground pipelines include: magnetic flux leakage, close interval potential surveys (CIS/CIPS), Pearson surveys, in-line inspection, and use of both electrochemical and optical probes. While the emphasis is on pipelines transporting fossil fuels, the concepts apply as well to metallic pipes for delivery of water and other liquids. Underground Pipeline Corrosion is a comprehensive resource for corrosion, materials, chemical, petroleum, and civil engineers constructing or managing both onshore and offshore pipeline assets; professionals in steel and coating companies; and academic researchers and professors with an interest in corrosion and pipeline engineering. Reviews the causes and considers the detection and prevention of corrosion to underground pipes Addresses a lack of current, readily available information on the subject Case studies demonstrate how corrosion is managed in the underground pipeline industry

This book is intended to help oil and gas pipeline operators, corrosion professionals, integrity experts, and risk management practitioners assess, control, and manage the effects of internal corrosion on pipeline systems, thus improving the safety, reliability, and integrity of their operations. While the focus of this book is on pipelines, the content is broadly applicable to upstream equipment, processing facilities, mid-stream pipelines, liquid and gas storage assets, and delivery/distribution assets. This book not only provides technical information about internal corrosion control, but also provides suggestions and potential strategies for applying this information. The fundamental process of managing internal corrosion consists of threat assessment, mitigation selection and implementation, and monitoring the effectiveness of mitigation. This book is divided into these three main sections to help emphasize the point that corrosion management is a process, not a one-time event.

“Fuzzy Engineering and Operations Research” is the edited outcome of the 5th International Conference on Fuzzy Information and Engineering (ICFIE2011) held during Oct. 15-17, 2011 in Chengdu, China and by the 1st academic conference in establishment of Guangdong Province Operations Research Society (GDORSC) held on Oct. 20, 2011 in Guangzhou, China. The 5th ICFIE2011, built on the success of previous conferences, and the GDORC, first held, are major Symposiums, respectively, for scientists, engineers practitioners and Operation Research (OR) researchers presenting their updated results, developments and applications in all areas of fuzzy information and engineering and OR. It aims to strengthen relations between industry research laboratories and universities, and to create a primary symposium for world scientists in Fuzziology and OR fields. The book contains 62 papers and is divided into five main parts: “Fuzzy Optimization, Logic and Information”, “The mathematical Theory of Fuzzy Systems”, “Fuzzy Engineering Applications and Soft Computing Methods”, “OR and Fuzziology” and “Guess and Review”.