In light of continuing delays in the implementation of the 2010 quota and governance reforms (hereafter the “2010 Reforms”), the Board of Governors, in February 2015, adopted Resolution No. 70-1, which (i) expressed its deep regret that the quota increases under the Fourteenth General Review of Quotas (hereafter the “Fourteenth Review”) and the Proposed Amendment on the Reform of the Executive Board (hereafter the “Board Reform Amendment”) have not become effective, and that the Fifteenth General Review of Quotas (hereafter the “Fifteenth Review”) has not been completed; (ii) emphasized the importance and urgency of the 2010 Reforms for the Fund’s credibility, legitimacy, and effectiveness, and reiterated its commitment to their earliest possible implementation; (iii) urged the remaining members who have not yet accepted the Fourteenth Review quota increases and the Board Reform Amendment to do so without further delay; (iv) called for the completion of the Fifteenth Review by December 15, 2015; and (v) called on the Executive Board to work expeditiously and to complete its work as soon as possible on interim steps in the key areas covered by the 2010 Reforms, pending their full implementation, and thus to enable the Board of Governors to reach agreement on steps that represent meaningful progress towards the objectives of the 2010 Reforms by June 30, 2015.

In completing the Fourteenth General Review of Quotas (hereafter the “Fourteenth Review”) and approving the Proposed Amendment on the Reform of the Executive Board (hereafter the “Board Reform Amendment”), the Board of Governors requested the Executive Board to bring forward the timetable for completion of the Fifteenth General Review of Quotas (hereafter the “Fifteenth Review”) to January 2014. The Executive Board was also requested to complete a comprehensive quota formula review by January 2013. These forward-looking elements were part of an agreed package of 2010 quota and governance reforms (hereafter the “2010 Reforms”). Each member committed to use its best efforts to complete the required steps for the effectiveness of the quota increases under the Fourteenth Review no later than the Annual Meetings in 2012.

On January 16, 2020, the Executive Board adopted a Report to the Board of Governors proposing that the Board of Governors adopt a Resolution concluding the Fifteenth General Review of Quotas with no increase in quotas and providing guidance for the Sixteenth General Review of Quotas in line with the IMFC guidance in the October 19, 2019 Communiqué. The Resolution was adopted by the Board of Governors, effective February 7, 2020, and was designated No. 75-1.

This interim work program statement reflects the imperative of accelerating the process of reform that has been underway in the Fund for some time.

This paper sets out Management’s response to the Independent Evaluation Office’s (IEO) evaluation of IMF Response to the Financial and Economic Crisis. The implementation plan proposes specific actions focusing on the three of the four recommendations that received broad support from the Executive Board, namely (i) ensuring that the IMF as a quota-based institution has sufficient resources to contribute to future crisis resolution; (ii) developing guidelines for structuring engagements with other organizations, and (iii) consolidating and simplifying the current framework to identify and assess risks and vulnerabilities. Some of the proposed actions to address the Board-endorsed IEO recommendations are underway as part of the 2014 Triennial Surveillance Report (TSR) Action Plan, the FY2016–18 Medium-Term Budget and the ongoing efforts to ratify the 2010 Quota and Governance Reforms. The paper also explains how implementation will be monitored.

This book discusses the economic and geopolitical effects of globalization from historical and institutional perspectives. While it has had unintended consequences, such as displacing developed countries' dominance of production markets, the overall benefits of globalization far outweigh the costs. Moak argues that leading developed nations should not fear globalization but, instead, make concerted efforts to promote it in order to keep the cost-benefit balance weighing in favor of economic enhancement and geopolitical stability. Having incurred huge private and public debts as well as a weak monetary policy posture, many developed nations have been unable to recovery from the 2008 financial crisis. Moreover, geopolitical tensions are rising due to the power rivalry between the United States, China, and Russia over a host issues, including trade imbalances and geopolitics. This book aims to provide stakeholders with the relevant and necessary information to hold an objective debate on globalization. Ultimately, this book is about globalization— what it is, how it impacts the global economy and polity, and why it is needed now more than any other time in human history.

A recovery is underway, but the economic fallout from the global pandemic could be with us for years to come. With the crisis exacerbating prepandemic vulnerabilities, country prospects are diverging. Nearly half of emerging market and developing economies and some middle-income countries are now at risk of falling further behind, undoing much of the progress made toward achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals.