Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics and the Affiliated Conferences, Nice, France, 24-27 July 2024.

Interdependent Human-Machine Teams: The Path to Autonomy examines the foundations, metrics, and applications of human-machine systems, the legal ramifications of autonomy, trust by the public, and trust by the users and AI systems of their users, integrating concepts from various disciplines such as AI, machine learning, social sciences, quantum mechanics, and systems engineering. In this book, world-class researchers, engineers, ethicists, and social scientists discuss what machines, humans, and systems should discuss with each other, to policymakers, and to the public. It establishes the meaning and operation of “shared contexts” between humans and machines, policy makers, and the public and explores how human-machine systems affect targeted audiences (researchers, machines, robots, users, regulators, etc.) and society, as well as future ecosystems composed of humans, machines, and systems.

Providing a high level of autonomy for a human-machine team requires assumptions that address behavior and mutual trust. The performance of a human-machine team is maximized when the partnership provides mutual benefits that satisfy design rationales, balance of control, and the nature of autonomy. The distinctively different characteristics and features of humans and machines are likely why they have the potential to work well together, overcoming each other's weaknesses through cooperation, synergy, and interdependence which forms a “collective intelligence. Trust is bidirectional and two-sided; humans need to trust AI technology, but future AI technology may also need to trust humans.Putting AI in the Critical Loop: Assured Trust and Autonomy in Human-Machine Teams focuses on human-machine trust and “assured performance and operation in order to realize the potential of autonomy. This book aims to take on the primary challenges of bidirectional trust and performance of autonomous systems, providing readers with a review of the latest literature, the science of autonomy, and a clear path towards the autonomy of human-machine teams and systems. Throughout this book, the intersecting themes of collective intelligence, bidirectional trust, and continual assurance form the challenging and extraordinarily interesting themes which will help lay the groundwork for the audience to not only bridge the knowledge gaps, but also to advance this science to develop better solutions. Assesses the latest research advances, engineering challenges, and the theoretical gaps surrounding the question of autonomy Reviews the challenges of autonomy (e.g., trust, ethics, legalities, etc.), including gaps in the knowledge of the science Offers a path forward to solutions Investigates the value of trust by humans of HMTs, as well as the bidirectionality of trust, understanding how machines learn to trust their human teammates

This book examines recent advances in theories, models, and methods relevant to automated and autonomous systems. The following chapters provide perspectives on modern autonomous systems, such as self-driving cars and unmanned aerial systems, directly from the professionals working with and studying them. Current theories surrounding topics such as vigilance, trust, and fatigue are examined throughout as predictors of human performance in the operation of automated systems. The challenges related to attention and effort in autonomous vehicles described within give credence to still-developing methods of training and selecting operators of such unmanned systems. The book further recognizes the need for human-centered approaches to design; a carefully crafted automated technology that places the "human user" in the center of that design process. Features Combines scientific theories with real-world applications where automated technologies are implemented Disseminates new understanding as to how automation is now transitioning to autonomy Highlights the role of individual and team characteristics in the piloting of unmanned systems and how models of human performance are applied in system design Discusses methods for selecting and training individuals to succeed in an age of increasingly complex human-machine systems Provides explicit benchmark comparisons of progress across the last few decades, and identifies future prognostications and the constraints that impinge upon these lines of progress Human Performance in Automated and Autonomous Systems: Current Theory and Methods illustrates the modern scientific theories and methods to be applied in real-world automated technologies.

The Handbook of Human-Machine Interaction features 20 original chapters and a conclusion focusing on human-machine interaction (HMI) from analysis, design and evaluation perspectives. It offers a comprehensive range of principles, methods, techniques and tools to provide the reader with a clear knowledge of the current academic and industry practice and debate that define the field. The text considers physical, cognitive, social and emotional aspects and is illustrated by key application domains such as aerospace, automotive, medicine and defence. Above all, this volume is designed as a research guide that will both inform readers on the basics of human-machine interaction from academic and industrial perspectives and also provide a view ahead at the means through which human-centered designers, including engineers and human factors specialists, will attempt to design and develop human-machine systems.

This book is devoted to the examination of emerging practical issues related to automated and autonomous systems. The book highlights the significance of these emergent technologies that determine the course of our daily lives. Each unique chapter highlights human factors and engineering concerns across real-world applications, including matters related to aviation and healthcare, human-robot interaction, transportation systems, cybersecurity and cyber defense. This book also depicts the boundaries that separate humans from machine as we continue to become ever more immersed in and symbiotic with these fast-emerging technologies. Automation, across many occupations, has transitioned the human to a role of monitoring machines, presenting challenges related to vigilance and workload. This book identifies the importance of an approach to automated technology that emphasizes the "human user" at the center of the design process. Features Provides perspectives on the role of the individual and teams in complex technical systems such as aviation, healthcare, and medicine Presents the development of highly autonomous systems related to human safety and performance Examines solutions to human factors challenges presented by modern threats to data privacy and cybersecurity Discusses human perceptual and cognitive capabilities underwriting to the design of automated and autonomous systems • Provides in-depth, expert reviews of context-related developments in automation and human-robot teaming Human Performance in Automated and Autonomous Systems: Emerging Issues and Practical Perspectives applies scientific theory directly to real-world systems where automation and autonomous technology is implemented.