Intelligent compaction (IC) is a construction method relatively new to the USA that uses modern vibratory rollers equipped IC components and technologies. Though used for decades in the rest of the world, the IC technology is less mature for its application in the asphalt compaction than its counter part for the soils and subbase compaction. Under the on-going FHWA/TPF IC studies, tremendous amount of knowledge has been gained on HMA IC. Components of asphalt IC include: double-drum IC rollers, roller measurement system, global position system (GPS) radio/receiver/base station, infrared temperature sensors, and integrated reporting system. Therefore, an asphalt IC roller can "adapt its behavior in response to varying situations and requirements" -being "intelligent"! There are many benefits using asphalt IC rollers. To name a few: proof rolling (mapping) to identify soft spots, achieve consistent roller patterns, monitor asphalt surface temperature (to keep up with the paver) and levels of compaction for 100% coverage area, and many more.

Intelligent Compaction (IC) technology is an innovation of roller technology that can be used to improve quality control (QC) of the asphalt pavement compaction process. It is increasingly used by the asphalt paving industry in the US. Currently, IC is being adopted by many federal and state highway agencies. Asphalt IC technology uses accelerometer - based methods to collect IC measurement values (ICMV) that relate to the stiffness of the compacted materials. Across the US, in - place asphalt density measurement is still the de facto method for acceptance as the in - place densities relate to long - term performance of asphalt pavements. Past limited research has not been successful in finding a strong correlation between ICMV and measured in - place density. To accelerate the implementation of IC technology, it is essential to further study the relationship between IC measured data and core density to assess the use of IC measurements beyond QC. This project includes extensive field studies and data analysis and modeling in order to investigate the relationship between ICMV and other IC measurements (such as pass counts, temperatures, vibration frequencies/amplitudes, direction, speed, etc.) and asphalt in - place densities. The pass - by - pass ICMV correlate well with nu clear density gauge measurements during breakdown compaction. As the final ICMV does not correlate well with core densities, the final ICMV data is not recommended to replace cores for acceptance. A n IC - based nonlinear panel data model was also developed to reasonably predict asphalt in - place density as an enhanced QC tool . Recommendation are also provided regarding future research and implementation to maximize the potential benefits of IC.

Intelligent compaction (IC) is a construction method relatively new to the USA that uses modern vibratory rollers equipped IC components and technologies. Though used for decades in the rest of the world, the IC technology is less mature for its application in the asphalt compaction than its counter part for the soils and subbase compaction. Under the on-going FHWA/TPF IC studies, tremendous amount of knowledge has been gained on HMA IC. Components of asphalt IC include: double-drum IC rollers, roller measurement system, global position system (GPS) radio/receiver/base station, infrared temperature sensors, and integrated reporting system. Therefore, an asphalt IC roller can "adapt its behavior in response to varying situations and requirements" -being "intelligent"! There are many benefits using asphalt IC rollers. To name a few: proof rolling (mapping) to identify soft spots, achieve consistent roller patterns, monitor asphalt surface temperature (to keep up with the paver) and levels of compaction for 100% coverage area, and many more.

The main purpose of this research is to determine the possibility of substituting in-place core density (% Gmm) for Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Quality Assurance (QA) in Indiana Department of Transportation Specification with Intelligent Compaction (IC) measurements. A questionnaire survey and interviews were conducted to gather information on: 1) the usage of IC technology in other states, 2) the benefits of applying IC technology, and 3) the application of IC technology for Quality Control/ Quality Assurance (QC/QA). Also the data available from IC demonstration performed on US 52 in 2009 was analyzed to identify the relationship between in-place density values (i.e., Non-Nuclear Gauge, NNG) and the IC Measurement Values (ICMVs).According to survey responses from 26 agencies, there was no state DOT using IC for QA as of June 2014. Only two DOTs, including Alaska and Vermont have adopted IC in HMA compaction for QC. The reasons for not using IC technology in current QC/QA practices were: 1) satisfaction with existing QC/QA procedure, 2) difficulty of adjustment due to the lack of specifications in determining stiffness in HMA, and 3) lack of availability of IC equipment with contractors. However, it was responded that the most benefits of IC was night time paving and uniform compaction in QC.Analysis of the ICMV data obtained from a demonstration project on US 52 indicated that a NNG correlation showed an R2 value of 0.67. This finding supports the IC implementation in the current INDOT HMA QC. It should be noted that a correlation between core-density and ICMV could not be determined due to lack of reliable data.In conclusion, the research could not identify any possibility of adding IC into the INDOT specification for QA based on the survey, phone interviews and analysis of the data obtained from IC demonstration on US 52.

While having been successfully used for soil compaction for many years, intelligent compaction (IC) technology is still relatively new for asphalt pavement construction. The potential of using intelligent compaction meter value (ICMV) for evaluating the compaction of asphalt pavements has been hindered by the fact that ICMV can be affected by many factors, which include not only roller operation parameters, but also the temperature of asphalt layer and the underlying support. Therefore, further research is necessary to improve the application of IC for the asphalt compaction. In this study, the feasibility of IC for asphalt compaction was evaluated from many aspects. Based on that, a laboratory IC technology for evaluating asphalt mixture compaction in the laboratory was also developed. In this study, one field project for soil compaction was constructed using IC technology, and a strong and stable linear relationship between ICMV and deflection could be identified when the water content of soil was consistent. After that, more field projects for asphalt compaction were constructed using the IC asphalt roller. The density of asphalt, as the most critical parameter for asphalt layers, along with other parameters, were measured and correlated with the ICMVs. Various factors such as asphalt temperature and the underlying support were considered in this study to improve the correlation between the density and ICMV. Based upon the results of correlation analyses, three IC parameters were recommended for evaluating the compaction quality of resurfacing project. In addition, the geostatistical analyses were performed to evaluate the spatial uniformity of compaction, and the cost-benefit analysis was included to demonstrate the economic benefits of IC technology. Based on the test results of field projects, the IC indices were further utilized to quantify the lab vibratory compaction for paving materials. The compaction processes in the laboratory was monitored by accelerometers. Using Discrete-Time Fourier Transform, the recorded data during compaction were analyzed to evaluate the compactability of paving materials and to further correlate to the field compaction.

Intelligent compaction (IC) is an emerging technology, and for some applications it is mature enough for implementation in field compaction of pavement materials. The intent of this project is to realize the blueprint in the FHWA IC strategic plan. IC is a compaction technology used for materials including soils, aggregates, and asphalt mixtures, by using vibratory rollers equipped with the real-time kinematic (RTK) Global Positioning System (GPS), roller-integrated measurement system (normally accelerometer-based), feedback controls, and onboard real-time display of all IC measurements. IC technology can be used to produce uniformly compacted pavement products that perform better and last longer.