This book systematically discusses the algorithms and principles for achieving stable and optimal beam (or products of the beam) parameters in particle accelerators. A four-layer beam control strategy is introduced to structure the subsystems related to beam controls, such as beam device control, beam feedback, and beam optimization. This book focuses on the global control and optimization layers. As a basis of global control, the beam feedback system regulates the beam parameters against disturbances and stabilizes them around the setpoints. The global optimization algorithms, such as the robust conjugate direction search algorithm, genetic algorithm, and particle swarm optimization algorithm, are at the top layer, determining the feedback setpoints for optimal beam qualities. In addition, the authors also introduce the applications of machine learning for beam controls. Selected machine learning algorithms, such as supervised learning based on artificial neural networks and Gaussian processes, and reinforcement learning, are discussed. They are applied to configure feedback loops, accelerate global optimizations, and directly synthesize optimal controllers. Authors also demonstrate the effectiveness of these algorithms using either simulation or tests at the SwissFEL. With this book, the readers gain systematic knowledge of intelligent beam controls and learn the layered architecture guiding the design of practical beam control systems.

Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.

This book begins with an overview of the RF control concepts and strategies. It then introduces RF system models for optimizing the system parameters to satisfy beam requirements and for controller design. In addition to systematically discussing the RF field control algorithms, it presents typical architecture and algorithms for RF signal detection and actuation. Further, the book addresses the analysis of the noise and nonlinearity in LLRF systems to provide a better understanding of the performance of the RF control system and to specify the performance requirements for different parts of the RF system. Today, accelerators require increased RF stability and more complex operation scenarios, such as providing beam for different beam lines with various parameters, and as a result LLRF systems are becoming more critical and complex. This means that LLRF system developers need have extensive knowledge of the entire accelerator complex and a wide range of other areas, including RF and digital signal processing, noise analysis, accelerator physics and systems engineering. Providing a comprehensive introduction to the basic theories, algorithms and technologies, this book enables LLRF system developers to systematically gain the knowledge required to specify, design and implement LLRF systems and integrate them with beam acceleration. It is intended for graduate students, professional engineers and researchers in accelerator physics.

Physical and biological basis of proton and of carbon ion radiation therapy and clinical outcome data / Herman Suit, Thomas F. Delaney and Alexei Trofimov -- The production of radionuclides for radiotracers in nuclear medicine / Thomas J. Ruth -- Proton radiation therapy in the hospital environment : conception, development, and operation of the initial hospital-based facility / James M. Slater, Jerry D. Slater and Andrew J. Wroe -- Microwave electron linacs for oncology / David H. Whittum -- Heavy-particle radiotherapy : system design and application / H. Tsujii, S. Minohara and K. Noda -- High frequency linacs for hadrontherapy / Ugo Amaldi, Saverio Braccini and Paolo Puggioni -- Medical cyclotrons / D.L. Friesel and T.A. Antaya -- Synchrotrons for hadrontherapy / Marco G. Pullia -- Beam delivery systems for particle radiation therapy : current status and recent developments / J.M. Schippers -- Laser acceleration of ions for radiation therapy / Toshiki Tajima, Dietrich Habs and Xueqing Yan -- FFAGs as accelerators and beam delivery devices for ion cancer therapy / Dejan Trbojevic -- The dielectric wall accelerator / George J. Caporaso, Yu-Jiuan Chen and Stephen E. Sampayan -- The supercollider : the Texas days - a personal recollection of its short life and demise / Stanley Wojcicki -- A man for all seasons : Robert R. Wilson / Edwin L. Goldwasser

The theme of this volume, “Medical Applications of Accelerators”, is of enormous importance to human health and has a deep impact on our society.The invention of particle accelerators in the early 20th century created a whole new world for producing energetic X-rays, electrons, protons, neutrons and other particle beams. Immediately these beams found revolutionary applications in medicine. There are two important yet distinct medical applications. One is that accelerators produce radioisotopes for various nuclear medicines for millions of patients each year. The other is that accelerators produce particle beams for radiation therapy for the treatment of cancer. The particle beams can be X-rays (generated by high-energy electrons), protons, neutrons or heavy ions such as carbon. Today there are more than 5,000 accelerators routinely used in hospitals all over the world for nuclear medicine and cancer therapy. The great potential of accelerator applications in medicine can hardly be exaggerated.This volume contains 14 articles, all written by distinguished scholars.