This dissertation proposes and examines an empirical production function of innovation to gain insights on production itself, the disclosure of information in patents, organization choice and efficiency, and lastly the strategic consequences of different growth strategies. Using patent citations in the Information Technology industries, I measure the degree of complementarity among knowledge inputs. This measurement reveals the persistence of strong complementary inputs across both firms and time in the production of innovation. It is shown that the degree of input complementarity embodied in a patent significantly affects the value of the innovation. This relationship provides empirical insights on first mover advantage and information disclosure in published patents. Next, I measure complementarity in the downstream use of various innovation portfolios. This portfolio level analysis focuses on the selection choices and efficiency of different organization types, including firms, joint ventures, and licensing agreements. It is shown that output complementarity significantly explains both the selection biases and efficiency of these different organizations. Lastly, an agent-based computational model is constructed on top of the empirical patent landscape. Using simple rules-of-thumb, agents create innovations by acquiring and combining knowledge inputs. The agents receive value for these proposed combinations if and only if the combinations represent empirical patents. I use this model to reveal and analyze the strategic concerns with the timing of growth strategies. Also, the model provides insights on the impact of the publication of information, by the patent office, on innovation.

How does technology advance? How can we best assimilate innovation? These questions and others are considered by experts on the theories and applications of technological innovations. Considering subjects as diverse as the diffusion of new technologies and their industrial applications, governmental policies, and manifestations of innovation in our institutions, history, and environment, our contributors map milestones in research and speculate about the roads ahead. Wasteful, inefficient, and frequently wrongheaded, the process of technological changes is here revealed as a describable, scientific force. Two volumes, available separately and as a set. Expert articles consider the best ways to establish optimal incentives in technological progress Science and innovation, both their theories and applications, are examined at the intersections of the marketplace, policy, and social welfare Economists are only part of an audience that includes attorneys, educators, and anyone involved in new technologies

The Fourth Industrial Revolution will fundamentally alter the way we live, work, and relate to one another. Robotics, AI, neuro-technologies and autonomous vehicles will alter behaviours, relationships, and meaning. In this context, an important question that organizations must ask themselves is how can they adapt their business models and values to compete successfully? In answering this question, this book applies the concept of complementarity to business areas that are often dealt with independently: strategy, leadership, management, talent and engagement. Organizational success will not only be achieved by singularity but also by organization wide interventions that connect each of the functions to a broader purpose. The author argues that whilst the factors of an organisation will continue to affect each other in one of three ways: independent, substitutive, and complementary, it will be towards the latter that a greater level of importance is attached. The book describes how complementarity has arisen in non- business fields and how an interpretation of it might be a useful paradigm for the modern business organisation. Finally, the book explores organisational and individual competences and how they might be applied in the complementarity model.

This second volume of the Handbook includes original contribution by experts in the field. It provides up-to-date surveys of the most relevant applications of game theory to industrial organization. The book covers both classical as well as new IO topics such as mergers in markets with homogeneous and differentiated goods, leniency and coordinated effects in cartels and mergers, static and dynamic contests, consumer search and product safety, strategic delegation, platforms and network effects, auctions, environmental and resource economics, intellectual property, healthcare, corruption, experimental industrial organization and empirical models of R&D.