Andrew Burt was born in 1839.

SOCRATES is an international, multi-lingual, multi-disciplinary refereed and indexed scholarly journal produced as par of the Harvard Dataverse Network. This journal appears quarterly in English, Hindi, Persian in 22 disciplines. About this Issue This issue of Socrates contains selected scholarly articles from various scholarly disciplines. The entire issue has been divided into six sections. The first Section of the issue, Art, Culture and Literature, contains scholarly articles from English language and Literature, Hindi literature and Persian literature. A serious question raising article of National and International importance has also been included in this section under the title, Safeguard the cultural Heritage of Ladakh. The second section of this issue, American History, contains an article that investigates, why Lieutenant Colonel Custer met with defeat in order to take the Black Hills? The third section of this issue, Media Studies, contains an article that aims to provide a theoretical framework of public television networks in western countries pointing to the pertaining relationships with their political systems. The fourth section of this issue contains some of the best research papers from the scholarly disciplines of Commerce Management and Economics. The first research paper of this section empirically measures employee satisfaction in key areas. The fifth section of this issue represents the scholarly disciplines of Law and Politics. The first article analyses the socio-political movement for the establishment of democracy in Nepal. The second article analyses the Industrial dispute act and its impact on the Industrial development in India. The sixth section contains two general articles. The first article reflects the life of a great Sufi Saint Shah Kazim Qalander. The second article highlights the views of authors on various themes.

Over the course of his military career, George Crook developed empathy and admiration for American Indians both as foes and as allies. As Paul Magid has demonstrated in the previous two volumes of his groundbreaking biography, this experience prepared Crook well for his metamorphosis from Indian fighter to outspoken advocate of Indian rights. An Honest Enemy is the third and final volume of Magid’s account of George Crook’s life and involvement in the Indian wars. Using rarely tapped information, including Crook’s own diaries, the work documents in dramatic detail the general’s arduous and dangerous campaigns against the Chiricahua Apaches and their leader Geronimo, action that forms a backdrop to the transformation in the general’s role vis-à-vis Native Americans. In a story by turns harrowing and tragic, Magid details the plight of Indians who, in the aftermath of their defeat, were consigned to reservations too barren to sustain them, where they were subjected to impoverishment, indifference, and in many cases, outright corruption. With growing anger, Crook watched as many tribes faced death from starvation and disease and, unwilling to passively accept their fate, desperately sought to flee their reservations and return to their homelands. Charged with the grim task of returning the Indians to such conditions, Crook was forced to choose between fulfilling his duties as a soldier and his humanitarian values. Magid describes Crook’s struggle to reconcile these conflicting concerns while promoting policies he regarded as essential to the welfare of the Indians in the face of a hostile public, jealous fellow officers, and an unsympathetic government that regarded his efforts as quixotic and misguided. Here is a tale that readers will not soon forget.

A reassessment of the military's role in developing the Western territories moves beyond combat stories and stereotypes to focus on more non-martial accomplishments such as exploration, gathering scientific data, and building towns.