Study comprising a literature survey on income distribution and poverty in rural areas and government policies for income redistribution in Ecuador - examines regional disparities, urban areas-ruralincome comparisons, land ownership, social indicators of standard of living (housing, health, education, employment etc.) and the role of agrarian reform, taxation, public expenditure on social services, etc., wage policies and price policies. Bibliography and statistical tables.

"Highly empirical analysis documents increase in poverty and worsening of income distribution during 1980s. Demonstrates that low levels of education increase incidence of poverty and income inequality. Data provided for individual countries. Valuable data reference source"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 57.

Explores the role of government policy in economic development in the Republic of Korea. The Republic of Korea has achieved economic success on many fronts. Real GNP has tripled every decade since the 1960s. A dynamic and flexible manufacturing sector now dominates the economy. The benefits of growth have been widely distributed, with a sharp decrease in poverty. This study, like others in the series, seeks to draw lessons from such success and to identify and analyze the policies behind this strong economic performance. Koreas development strategy and macroeconomic performance are outlined in Part I. Several factors are seen to underlie strong growth, including the maintenance of a stable macroenvironment, flexible and pragmatic policies, and investment in infrastructure and human capital. Part II assesses the role played by industrial policy since 1961. Particular attention is given to the Heavy and Chemical Industry (HCI) drive, launched in 1973 to diversify and upgrade Koreas industrial sector. The authors note that while the HCI has been largely successful, it also has been very costly, particularly to the financial sector. Part III outlines the role of institutions and the close relationships among the government, the bureaucracy, and business. The key to Koreas rapid development, according to the authors, was the governments commitment to growth and its early focus on equity and wide distribution of the gains from growth. The authors also laud the efficiency and effectiveness of Koreas public and private sector institutions, which they see as models for all developing nations.