From the Introduction: This book is . . . devoted to the first literature of North America, that of the American Indians, or Native Americans. The texts are from the North Pacific Coast, because that is where I am from, and those are the materials I know best. The purpose is general: All traditional American Indian verbal art requires attention of this kind if we are to comprehend what it is and says. There is linguistics in this book, and that will put some people off. ''Too technical," they will say. Perhaps such people would be amused to know that many linguists will not regard the work as linguistics. "Not theoretical," they will say, meaning not part of a certain school of grammar. And many folklorists and anthropologists are likely to say, "too linguistic" and "too literary" both, whereas professors of literature are likely to say, "anthropological" or "folklore," not "literature" at all. But there is no help for it. As with Beowulf and The Tale of Genji, the material requires some understanding of a way of life. Within that way of life, it has in part a role that in English can only be called that of "literature." Within that way of life, and now, I hope, within others, it offers some of the rewards and joys of literature. And if linguistics is the study of language, not grammar alone, then the study of these materials adds to what is known about language.

A landmark volume that revolutionized our understanding of the power and significance of Native stories and storytellers in North America, ?In vain I tried to tell you? showcases the methodology and theory of ethnopoetics. Focusing on the rich Native storytelling traditions of the Pacific Northwest, Hymes investigates what particular stylistic and linguistic devices and patterns in oral tales reveal about rhythm and order in the cultures creating them. A breathtaking series of analyses of particular myths and their relationship to performance forms the centerpiece of this volume. The concluding essays explore Native perspectives and approaches to stories, highlighting the reasons behind the storytellers? choices of characters, genres, and titles. This edition features a new preface by the author, a more comprehensive general index, and an expanded index to analyzed translations and English-language texts.

Webb Keane argues that by looking at representations as concrete practices we may find them to be thoroughly entangled in the tensions and hazards of social existence. This book explores the performances and transactions that lie at the heart of public events in contemporary Anakalang, on the Indonesian island of Sumba. Weaving together sharply observed narrative, close analysis of poetic speech and valuable objects, and far-reaching theoretical discussion, Signs of Recognition explores the risks endemic in representational practices. An awareness of risk is embedded in the very forms of ritual speech and exchange. The possibilities for failure and slippage reveal people's mutual vulnerabilities and give words and things part of their power. Keane shows how the dilemmas posed by the effort to use and control language and objects are implicated with general problems of power, authority, and agency. He persuades us to look differently at ideas of voice and value. Integrating the analysis of words and things, this book contributes to a wide range of fields, including linguistic anthropology, cultural studies, social theory, and the studies of material culture, art, and political economy.

The first book in the humanities and social sciences to offer an extensive conceptual definition of monolingualism, based on literary, applied-linguistic, technological, and translational examples.

Our Mutual Friend - explores the conflict between doing what society expects of a person and the idea of being true to oneself The Pickwick Papers - To extend his researches into the quaint and curious phenomena of life, Samuel Pickwick suggests that he and three other "Pickwickians" should make journeys to places remote from London and report on their findings to the other members. Oliver Twist is an orphan who starts his life in a workhouse and is then sold into apprenticeship with an undertaker. He escapes from there and travels to London, where he meets the Artful Dodger, a member of a gang of juvenile pickpockets led by the elderly criminal, Fagin… A Christmas Carol tells the story of a bitter old miser named Ebenezer Scrooge and his transformation after visitations by the ghost of his former business partner and the Ghosts of Christmas Past, Present and Yet to Come. David Copperfield is a fatherless boy who is sent to lodge with his housekeeper's family after his mother remarries, but when his mother dies he decides to run away… Hard Times is set in the fictional city of Coketown and it is centered around utilitarian and industrial influences on Victorian society. A Tale of Two Cities depicts the plight of the French peasantry demoralized by the French aristocracy in the years leading up to the revolution, and many unflattering social parallels with life in London during the same period. Great Expectations depicts the personal growth and development of an orphan nicknamed Pip in Kent and London in the early to mid-19th century. Bleak House – legal thriller based on true events. Little Dorrit – criticize the institution of debtors' prisons, the shortcomings of both government and society. COLLECTED LETTERS THE LIFE OF CHARLES DICKENS by John Forster