The Surface Wettability Effect on Phase Change collects high level contributions from internationally recognised scientists in the field. It thoroughly explores surface wettability, with topics spanning from the physics of phase change, physics of nucleation, mesoscale modeling, analysis of phenomena such drop evaporation, boiling, local heat flux at triple line, Leidenfrost, dropwise condensation, heat transfer enhancement, freezing, icing. All the topics are treated by discussing experimental results, mathematical modeling and numerical simulations. In particular, the numerical methods look at direct numerical simulations in the framework of VOF simulations, phase-field simulations and molecular dynamics. An introduction to equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermodynamics of phase change, wetting phenomena, liquid interfaces, numerical simulation of wetting phenomena and phase change is offered for readers who are less familiar in the field. This book will be of interest to researchers, academics, engineers, and postgraduate students working in the area of thermofluids, thermal management, and surface technology.

Particles at Fluid Interfaces encompasses the processes and formulations that involve the stabilisation of fluid interfaces by adsorbed particles. The prevalence of these multiphase materials underpins their use in a broad range of industries from personal care and food technology to oil and mineral processing. The stabilisation conferred by the adsorbed particles can be transient as found in froth flotation or long-lived as occurs within Pickering Emulsions. The particles can range in size from nanoparticles to millimetre-sized particles, and cover a spectrum from collapsed proteins, polymeric colloids of controlled size and shape to high dispersity mineral particles.

This textbook presents a modern treatment of fundamentals of heat and mass transfer in the context of all types of multiphase flows with possibility of phase-changes among solid, liquid and vapor. It serves equally as a textbook for undergraduate senior and graduate students in a wide variety of engineering disciplines including mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, material science and engineering, nuclear engineering, biomedical engineering, and environmental engineering. Multiphase Heat Transfer and Flow can also be used to teach contemporary and novel applications of heat and mass transfer. Concepts are reinforced with numerous examples and end-of-chapter problems. A solutions manual and PowerPoint presentation are available to instructors. While the book is designed for students, it is also very useful for practicing engineers working in technical areas related to both macro- and micro-scale systems that emphasize multiphase, multicomponent, and non-conventional geometries with coupled heat and mass transfer and phase change, with the possibility of full numerical simulation.

Two-phase heat transfer is crucial for thermal management of electronic devices, power generation, refrigeration, and water desalination. The use of engineered surfaces can lead to significant improvement in heat dissipation capabilities in pool boiling applications due to the increased nucleation sites, elongated contact lines, increased bubble departure frequency, and microlayer evaporation via enhanced wicking, where the microlayer evaporation is the most dominant mechanism. Hierarchical surfaces demonstrate both significant and limited improvements in heat dissipation over micro-structured surfaces, where the microscopic understanding of wicking and thin-film evaporation is crucial. Nanostructures in hierarchical surfaces can achieve very large heat dissipation rates due to high capillary pressure, where the kinetic resistance across the Knudsen layer of the evaporating interface dictates the evaporation rates. The validity of using classical relations to estimate evaporation rate across the evaporating interface is questioned in recent experimental studies, that requires further investigations using atomic-scale study of evaporation across the interface. In addition, the complex nature of bubble dynamics during pool boiling on flat and engineered surfaces lead to several theoretical and experimental correlations but are substantially different from each other. With the advancement of computational capabilities and artificial intelligence (AI), data-driven deep learning (DL) approach has been heralded as an alternative to the conventional physics-based approach. In the present study, mathematical modeling, wicking, thin-film evaporation experiments, laser interferometry, and AI are utilized to address the unresolved issues mentioned above in two-phase heat transfer on engineered surfaces. First, the significance of micropatterns in wicking enhancement on hierarchical surfaces is demonstrated using microscopic in-house wicking experiments. A mathematical model to estimate the wicking performance for hierarchical surfaces is developed and extended to estimate the enhancement of thin-film evaporation over bare micropillar surfaces. The in-house wicking and thin-film evaporation experimental results are found to be in good agreement with the proposed model. Secondly, to verify the classical relations of evaporation across the liquid-vapor (L-V) interface, non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations are performed. The temperature jump and profile calculated across an evaporating L-V interface at various heat fluxes are found in good agreement with the classical theory predictions. To validate the simulation findings from thermodynamics point of view, atomistic interfacial entropy generation rates are calculated and found in qualitative agreement with the predictions from the non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Finally, to better understand the chaotic nature of bubble dynamics in pool boiling, principal component analysis (PCA) is used to extract dominant low dimensional features from pool boiling experimental images of bubble morphologies. The new physical descriptors, dominant frequency, and its amplitude, extracted from the present unsupervised machine learning are qualitatively compared to the bubble count and size extracted from a supervised deep-learning algorithm. This novel reduced-order analysis appears to be highly robust over multiple datasets and heater surfaces.

The book details sources of thermal energy, methods of capture, and applications. It describes the basics of thermal energy, including measuring thermal energy, laws of thermodynamics that govern its use and transformation, modes of thermal energy, conventional processes, devices and materials, and the methods by which it is transferred. It covers 8 sources of thermal energy: combustion, fusion (solar) fission (nuclear), geothermal, microwave, plasma, waste heat, and thermal energy storage. In each case, the methods of production and capture and its uses are described in detail. It also discusses novel processes and devices used to improve transfer and transformation processes.