Recent national, European and international diabetes meetings have seen controversial discussions on the potential benefit and also on ethical aspects of immune intervention in patients with Type 1 diabetes or in persons with a high risk of developing the disease.

Therapeutic Immunology is a comprehensive review of the clinical application of the drugs, biologic agents, and procedures used to treat immunologic diseases. It is the only reference that provides current information on antibodies, cytokines, gene and cell therapies, vaccines, and other therapeutic approaches in the managament of immune system disorders. This book will show how immunology has come of age as a clinical discipline and is now able to provide treatment strategies for many previously incurable diseases.

This book is a compilation of the bench experience of leading experts from various research labs involved in the cutting edge area of research. The authors describe the use of stem cells both as part of the combinatorial therapeutic intervention approach and as tools (disease model) during drug development, highlighting the shift from a conventional symptomatic treatment strategy to addressing the root cause of the disease process. The book is a continuum of the previously published book entitled "Stem Cells: from Drug to Drug Discovery" which was published in 2017.

This important text will be the first devoted to a detailed analysis of immunotherapy as it ap-plies to Type I diabetes and the pathogenesis and therapy of other specific autoimmune diseases (including uveitis, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, Cogan's syndrome, Graves' ophthalmopathy, and gonadal disorders).

The vertebrate immune system defends the organism against invading pathogens while at the same time being self-tolerant to the body’s own constituents thus preserving its integrity. Multiple mechanisms work in concert to ensure self-tolerance. Apart from purging the T cell repertoire from auto-reactive T cells via negative selection in the thymus dominant tolerance exerted by regulatory T cells plays a major role in tolerance imposition and maintenance. Among the various regulatory/suppressive cells hitherto described, CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) and interleukin-10 producing T regulatory 1 (Tr1) cells have been studied in most detail and are the subject of most articles in this issue. Treg, also called "natural" regulatory T cells, will be traced from their intra-thymic origin to the site of their action in peripheral lymphoid organs and tissues. The repertoire of Treg is clearly biased towards recognition of self-antigens, thereby potentially preventing autoimmune diseases such as gastritis and oophoritis. Regulatory T cells, however also control infections, allergies and tolerance to transplanted tissues and this requires their induction in the periphery under conditions which are not yet fully understood. The concept of dominant tolerance, by far not novel, will offer new insights and hopefully tools for the successful treatment of autoimmune diseases, improved cancer immunotherapy and transplant survival. The fulfillment of these high expectations will, however, require their unambiguous identification and a better understanding of their mode of action.

This handbook is an invaluable resource for improving the management of diabetes. Chapters cover the fundamentals, including epidemiology, history and physical examination, and functional evaluations. Diabetes in children, adolescents, adults, and geriatrics are addressed. Differential diagnosis is emphasized, and evidence-based guidelines and patient-specific considerations aid the reader with injury evaluation and care. Notably, the book highlights the importance of understanding diabetic symptoms when determining the source of illnesses. In addition, the text presents the spectrum of treatment options for diabetes. The book is complete with appendices that explain the evidence-based approach used throughout and the science behind therapeutic modalities.