This issue of Medical Clinics covers the latest updates in immunotherapeutics by the world-leading experts on the topic. Immunotherapuetic treatments are discussed in infectious diseases, rheumatologic and neurologic disorders, renal diseases, diabetes and more. Emerging immunotherapies are also covered in depth.

This issue of Medical Clinics covers the latest updates in immunotherapeutics by the world-leading experts on the topic. Immunotherapuetic treatments are discussed in infectious diseases, rheumatologic and neurologic disorders, renal diseases, diabetes and more. Emerging immunotherapies are also covered in depth.

Immunotherapy is a form of cancer therapy that harnesses the body's immune system to destroy cancer cells. In recent years, immunotherapies have been developed for several cancers, including advanced melanoma, lung cancer, and kidney cancer. In some patients with metastatic cancers who have not responded well to other treatments, immunotherapy treatment has resulted in complete and durable responses. Given these promising findings, it is hoped that continued immunotherapy research and development will produce better cancer treatments that improve patient outcomes. With this promise, however, there is also recognition that the clinical and biological landscape for immunotherapies is novel and not yet well understood. For example, adverse events with immunotherapy treatment are quite different from those experienced with other types of cancer therapy. Similarly, immunotherapy dosing, therapeutic responses, and response time lines are also markedly different from other cancer therapies. To examine these challenges and explore strategies to overcome them, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop in February and March of 2016. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

The Guest Editors of this issue of Urologic Clinics of North America have put together a comprehensive collection of articles that provides the current knowledge on urologic cancer immunotherapy. Expert authors have contributed clinical review articles on the following topics: Era of personalized vaccines for GU cancers; TCR and dendritic vaccine platforms for GU cancers; Neo-adjuvant platforms for GU cancer immunotherapy; Immune-editing in Cancer: Role of tumor microenvironment and immune-suppressive pathways in localized and aggressive disease; Clinical integration of neo-adjuvant platforms for prostate cancer immunotherapy; Immunotherapy for muscle and non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: BCG and beyond; Immunotherapy for metastatic bladder cancer; Immunotherapy options for metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer; Role of tissue infiltrating lymphocytes: Understanding TCR; Therapeutic platforms for IPSC-derived CAR-T; Immune-suppression in prostate cancer: Underlying causes and influence on response to immunotherapy; and Racial disparity in response to immunotherapy. Urologists will come away with the most current information they need to improve outcomes in the urologic cancer patient.

Part 1: Intratumoral Signatures Associated With Immune Responsiveness

This issue of Clinics in Chest Medicine, guest-edited by Dr. M. Patricia Rivera, is the second of two issues focused on Lung Cancer. Topics discussed in this issue include but are not limited to: Lung Cancer TNM Staging: The 8th Edition; New Surgical Approaches in the Treatment of NSCLC; Alternatives to Surgery for Early Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Stereotactic Radiotherapy; Alternatives to Surgery for Early Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Thermal Ablation; Advances in the Treatment of Stage III NSCLC; Advances in Treatment of NSCLC: Targeted Therapy; Advances in the Treatment of NSCLC: Immunotherapy; Treatment of Oligometastatic Disease in NSCLC; Management of Malignant Pleural Effusions; Advances in the Treatment of Small Cell Lung Cancer; Palliative Care and the Role of the Primary Care Physician in Lung Cancer Care; Pulmonary Complications of Immunotherapy; and Pulmonary Complications of Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy.