This issue compiled by Dr. Nancy Berliner focuses on such topics as: A History of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Severe Combined Immune Deficiency Or What the Children have Taught Us; HLA-haploidentical Donor Transplantation in Severe Combined Immunodeficiency; Haploidentical Bone Marrow Transplantation in Primary Immune Deficiency: Stem Cell Selection and Manipulation; Suffering from Severe Combined Immunodeficiency; Herpes Viruses in Transplant Recipients: HSV,VZV, Human Herpes Viruses, and EBV; and Immunotherapy and Vaccination After Transplant: The Present, the Future.

The second edition of Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases presents discussions of gene identification, mutation detection, and clinical and research applications for over 100 genetic immune disorders--disorders featuring an increased susceptibility to infections and, in certain conditions, an icreased rate of malignancies and autoimmune disorders. Since the publication of the first edition, a flurry of new disease entities has been defined and new treatment regimens have been introduced, the most spectacular being successful treatment by gene therapy for two genotypes of combined immunodeficiency. The first edition marked a historic turning point in the field of immunodeficiencies, demonstrating that many of the disorders of the immune systam could be understood at a molecular level. This new edition can proudly document the tremendous pace of progress in dissecting the complex immunologic networks responsible for protecting individuals from these disorders.

A comprehensive survey of the current state-of-the-art in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for malignant disease. The authors focus on the indications and results of transplantation for acute leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and breast cancer. Special attention is given to transplant-related complications, including the pathophysiology and clinical consequences of acute and chronic GVHD, delayed immune reconstitution leading to infectious complications, and organ damage to the lung and liver. Additional chapters address the sources of stem cells and the effects of graft manipulation used to eliminate residual contaminating tumor cells in autologous transplantation, or to reduce the number of T lymphocytes causing GVHD in allogenic transplantation.

This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This textbook, endorsed by the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT), provides adult and paediatric nurses with a full and informative guide covering all aspects of transplant nursing, from basic principles to advanced concepts. It takes the reader on a journey through the history of transplant nursing, including essential and progressive elements to help nurses improve their knowledge and benefit the patient experience, as well as a comprehensive introduction to research and auditing methods. This new volume specifically intended for nurses, complements the ESH-EBMT reference title, a popular educational resource originally developed in 2003 for physicians to accompany an annual training course also serving as an educational tool in its own right. This title is designed to develop the knowledge of nurses in transplantation. It is the first book of its kind specifically targeted at nurses in this specialist field and acknowledges the valuable contribution that nursing makes in this area. This volume presents information that is essential for the education of nurses new to transplantation, while also offering a valuable resource for more experienced nurses who wish to update their knowledge.

This book summarizes the global progress in medical and scientific research toward converting traditionally chronic autoimmune diseases into a drug-free reversible illness using hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and other cellular therapies such as T regulatory cells (Treg), mesenchymal stromal/stem cells, and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cells in order to reintroduce sustained immune tolerance. This title provides information on different types of stem cells and immune cells; post-transplant immune regeneration; cellular regulatory requirements; ethical and economic considerations; and the advantages and disadvantages of HSCT in the treatment of a variety of autoimmune diseases versus current conventional treatments. Arranged by disease, the text provides a comprehensive guide to HSCT for all types of autoimmune/immune disorders including monogenetic autoimmune diseases; autoimmune aplastic anemia; neurologic immune diseases including multiple sclerosis, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, neuromyelitis optica, and stiff person syndrome; rheumatologic diseases such as systemic sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus; dermatologic diseases such as pemphigus; gastrointestinal disorders such as Crohn’s disease and celiac disease; and immune-mediated endocrinologic disease type I diabetes mellitus. Guidance is provided on the transplantation technique, cell collection and processing, conditioning regimens, infections, and early and late complications. Key Features Outlines therapies and techniques for HSCT for autoimmune diseases Discusses the advantages of HSCT over conventional therapies Reviews the entire process of stem cell therapy from harvest and ethics to indications, efficacy, and regulatory oversight

This book provides a comprehensive, state-of-the-art review of the concepts vital to a modern treatment of common and opportunistic infections in the immunocompromised host. Chapters are written by experts in the field, and include their views on gaps in the field and future directions of research. This book begins with an overview of the normally functioning immune system followed by a detailed discussion of the major primary immunodeficiencies. Specific chapters are dedicated to providing practical knowledge in the prevention and treatment of infections in specific immunocompromised patients, including those with cancer, transplant recipients, HIV infection, and autoimmune disorders. Emphasis is placed on diagnostic evaluation, antimicrobial selection that includes consideration of the threat of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, and immunotherapy tailored to specific patients. Finally, dedicated chapters on stem cell transplantation for patients with primary immunodeficiencies, adoptive cellular immunotherapy, and gene therapy will provide readers with insight into these rapidly evolving and cutting edge therapies.Management of Infections in the Immunocompromised Host is a valuable resource for infectious diseases specialists, immunologists, oncologists, hematologists, general physicians, students, researchers, and all other working with immunocompromised patients.

Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a chronic viral infection without a cure. While antiretroviral medications allow people with the infection live long and healthy lives, treated HIV remains associated with a degree of immune exhaustion that is linked to poor clinical outcomes. One individual, the so called "Berlin Patient", was cured of HIV with a CCR5∆32/∆32 stem cell transplant. It remains unclear how such a transplant impacts the long standing immune exhaustion of HIV. Purpose: To examine changes in immune phenotype and function after a CCR5∆32/∆32 stem cell transplant in the context of HIV infection. Methods: A person living with HIV received a CCR5∆32/∆32 allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant for chronic myeloid leukemia. The inducible viral reservoir in peripheral blood was quantified both pre and post-transplant. Immune exhaustion marker expression on T cells and B cell subsets were determined by polychromatic flow cytometry. T and B cell responses to HIV, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and influenza antigens were determined by ELISPOT and ELISA. We compared immune phenotype, immune function, and proviral reservoir to a matched local cohort. Results: Full donor engraftment was achieved and the HIV proviral reservoir was reduced, but not eliminated. At 9 months post-transplant, the recipient had an increase in phenotypically exhausted CD8+ T cells and immature B cells, but also an increase in activated CD8+ T cells and a decrease in exhausted memory B cells. CD4+ T cells showed variable changes in immune exhaustion While anti-HIV T cell responses were greatly diminished, anti-HIV B cell responses were not after transplant. Finally, B cell responses against CMV and influenza remained low, while anti-CMV T cell responses remained high. Conclusion: Taken together, these data suggest that a stem cell transplant with HIV-resistant stem cells may not reduce all immune exhaustion, but HIV reservoir is more limited. The transplanted immune cell phenotype is influenced by factors beyond HIV, including other viral infections post-transplant. Further examination of people living with HIV receiving CCR5∆32/∆32 stem cell transplants will further delineate the role of reversible immune exhaustion in HIV and other clinical outcomes.