Since the turn of the century, certain parasitic diseases of livestock have frus trated efforts to bring them under control by vaccination techniques; East Coast fever and trypanosomiasis are two such diseases. East Coast fever (ECF) kills a half million cattle annually; and 3 million are killed each year by trypanosomia sis, which is widely spread over tropical Mrica. Together, these diseases have closed some 7 million square kilometers of land to livestock grazing-land that might otherwise support an additional 120 million head of cattle. In 1970 W.A. Malmquist of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, in collabora tion with K.N. Brown, M.P. Cunningham, and other associates at the East African Veterinary Research Organization in Kenya, succeeded in cultivating in vitro the protozoal organisms responsible for East Coast fever. This success, obtained utilizing tissue cultures, encouraged a number of organizations to support research on these parasites in an accelerated effort to develop field vaccines.

First multi-year cumulation covers six years: 1965-70.

Since the turn of the century, certain parasitic diseases of livestock have frus trated efforts to bring them under control by vaccination techniques; East Coast fever and trypanosomiasis are two such diseases. East Coast fever (ECF) kills a half million cattle annually; and 3 million are killed each year by trypanosomia sis, which is widely spread over tropical Mrica. Together, these diseases have closed some 7 million square kilometers of land to livestock grazing-land that might otherwise support an additional 120 million head of cattle. In 1970 W.A. Malmquist of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, in collabora tion with K.N. Brown, M.P. Cunningham, and other associates at the East African Veterinary Research Organization in Kenya, succeeded in cultivating in vitro the protozoal organisms responsible for East Coast fever. This success, obtained utilizing tissue cultures, encouraged a number of organizations to support research on these parasites in an accelerated effort to develop field vaccines.

This volume is a collection of chapters all contributed by individuals who have presented their ideas at conferences and who take moderate stands with the use of animals in research. Specifically the chapters bear of the issues of: notions of the moral standings of animals, history of the methods of argumentation, knowledge of the animal mind, nature and value of regulatory structures, how respect for animals can be converted from theory to action in the laboratory. The chapters have been tempered by open discussion with individuals with different opinions and not audiences of true believers. It is the hope of all, that careful consideration of the positions in these chapters will leave reader with a deepened understanding--not necessarily a hardened position.