The world around us appears as diverse and beautiful as it does owing to the fact that light is scattered. Scattering plays two roles in the intricate process of image formation. First, it is the means by which we perceive an object. An object which does not scatter light cannot be seen. However, scattering also distorts the image observed. Even in relatively pure air, visibility is limited to a range of a few tens of kilometers owing to aerosol and molecular light scattering. It is reduced to tens of meters in conditions of mist or fog. What occurs when we look at an object through a scattering medium? For example, when a point diffuse source is being observed, the radiation undergoes multiple scattering along the path to the photodetector. Therefore, the image produced by a source of this kind (i.e., the irradiance distribution in the image plane) appears as a more or less blurred speck. What we have said so far serves as an introduction to the concept of image transfer theory, or the point spread function ..

The book presents the principles and methods of holographic interferometry - a coherent-optical measurement technique for deformation and stress analysis, for the determination of refractive-index distributions, or applied to non-destructive testing. Emphasis of the book is on the quantitative computer-aided evaluation of the holographic interferograms. Based upon wave-optics the evaluation methods, their implementation in computer-algorithms, and their applications in engineering are described.

This cross-disciplinary book documents the key research challenges in the mathematical sciences and physics that could enable the economical development of novel biomedical imaging devices. It is hoped that the infusion of new insights from mathematical scientists and physicists will accelerate progress in imaging. Incorporating input from dozens of biomedical researchers who described what they perceived as key open problems of imaging that are amenable to attack by mathematical scientists and physicists, this book introduces the frontiers of biomedical imaging, especially the imaging of dynamic physiological functions, to the educated nonspecialist. Ten imaging modalities are covered, from the well-established (e.g., CAT scanning, MRI) to the more speculative (e.g., electrical and magnetic source imaging). For each modality, mathematics and physics research challenges are identified and a short list of suggested reading offered. Two additional chapters offer visions of the next generation of surgical and interventional techniques and of image processing. A final chapter provides an overview of mathematical issues that cut across the various modalities.

In this report, the problem of imaging through scattering media is described and the basic approaches to the problem are reviewed. The concept of grating-based interferometers is introduced and some possible configurations are presented. The applications of the grating interferometers in imaging through scattering media are analyzed. The interferometers are basically utilized as coherence discriminators, separating out the scattered components of the received light fields by their coherence properties. The imaging of targets under both monochromatic and wideband illuminations are considered. Experimental results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the concept. (Author).

Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy: Techniques and Applications describes innovations in instrumentation, data science, chemical probe development, and various applications enabled by a state-of-the-art stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscope. Beginning by introducing the history of SRS, this book is composed of seven parts in depth including instrumentation strategies that have pushed the physical limits of SRS microscopy, vibrational probes (which increased the SRS imaging functionality), data science methods, and recent efforts in miniaturization. This rapidly growing field needs a comprehensive resource that brings together the current knowledge on the topic, and this book does just that. Researchers who need to know the requirements for all aspects of the instrumentation as well as the requirements of different imaging applications (such as different types of biological tissue) will benefit enormously from the examples of successful demonstrations of SRS imaging in the book. Led by Editor-in-Chief Ji-Xin Cheng, a pioneer in coherent Raman scattering microscopy, the editorial team has brought together various experts on each aspect of SRS imaging from around the world to provide an authoritative guide to this increasingly important imaging technique. This book is a comprehensive reference for researchers, faculty, postdoctoral researchers, and engineers. - Includes every aspect from theoretic reviews of SRS spectroscopy to innovations in instrumentation and current applications of SRS microscopy - Provides copious visual elements that illustrate key information, such as SRS images of various biological samples and instrument diagrams and schematics - Edited by leading experts of SRS microscopy, with each chapter written by experts in their given topics

This third edition of the biomedical optics classic Tissue Optics covers the continued intensive growth in tissue optics—in particular, the field of tissue diagnostics and imaging—that has occurred since 2007. As in the first two editions, Part I describes fundamentals and basic research, and Part II presents instrumentation and medical applications. However, for the reader’s convenience, this third edition has been reorganized into 14 chapters instead of 9. The chapters covering optical coherence tomography, digital holography and interferometry, controlling optical properties of tissues, nonlinear spectroscopy, and imaging have all been substantially updated. The book is intended for researchers, teachers, and graduate and undergraduate students specializing in the physics of living systems, biomedical optics and biophotonics, laser biophysics, and applications of lasers in biomedicine. It can also be used as a textbook for courses in medical physics, medical engineering, and medical biology.