The social cost of carbon (SC-CO2) is an economic metric intended to provide a comprehensive estimate of the net damages - that is, the monetized value of the net impacts, both negative and positive - from the global climate change that results from a small (1-metric ton) increase in carbon-dioxide (CO2) emissions. Under Executive Orders regarding regulatory impact analysis and as required by a court ruling, the U.S. government has since 2008 used estimates of the SC-CO2 in federal rulemakings to value the costs and benefits associated with changes in CO2 emissions. In 2010, the Interagency Working Group on the Social Cost of Greenhouse Gases (IWG) developed a methodology for estimating the SC-CO2 across a range of assumptions about future socioeconomic and physical earth systems. Valuing Climate Changes examines potential approaches, along with their relative merits and challenges, for a comprehensive update to the current methodology. This publication also recommends near- and longer-term research priorities to ensure that the SC- CO2 estimates reflect the best available science.

"This manual contains overview information on treatment technologies, installation practices, and past performance."--Introduction.

Take Advantage of the Latest Calculation Methods for Solving Problems in Every Major Area of Environmental Engineering The only hands-on reference of its kind, the Handbook of Environmental Engineering Calculations equips you with step-by-step calculation procedures covering virtually every aspect of environmental engineering. Designed to give you quick access to essential information, the updated Second Edition of this unique guide now presents the latest methods for solving a wide range of specific problems, together with worked-out examples that include numerical results for the calculations. Written by a team of environmental experts from both the private and public sectors, this easy-to-use reference provides you with complete calculations for water quality assessment and control...solid waste materials ... and air pollution control. Filled with 200 helpful illustrations, the Second Edition features: Hundreds of detailed examples and calculations with fully illustrated steps Calculations covering every aspect of environmental engineering Both SI and U.S. customary units presented throughout New to this edition: new sections on fuel cells and air toxic risk assessment Inside This State-of-the-Art Environmental Engineering Toolkit • Calculations of Water Quality Assessment and Control • Solid Waste Calculations • Air Pollution Control Calculations • Air Toxic Risk Assessment • Fuel Cell Technologies