El Libro ¿El Valor de la Paz¿, observa a la paz desde una perspectiva utilitaria, buscando encontrar verdaderamente la utilidad de la paz desde un contexto de desarrollo personal, nacional e internacional, como un requisito fundamental y necesario para los procesos de desarrollo económico y construcción nacional de cualquier país. ¿EL Valor de la Paz¿, también se enfoca en el significado profundo de la palabra valor, diseccionando desde un plano semántico, el significado de esta palabra en su sentido moral y monetario. Este es un libro pragmático, basado en métodos y teorías objetivas y utilitarias. A través de una comparación histórica, académica, geopolítica, empírica y lógica, este libro esta diseñado para encontrar el verdadero ¿Valor de la Paz¿ desde la óptica de las relaciones internacionales. Esta es la disciplina, que estudia no solo la historia, cultura, geografía, comercio y geopolítica del mundo en general, sino que también es la disciplina que estudia los fenómenos de las guerras, el desarrollo del pensamiento político de la humanidad, y las organizaciones internacionales supranacionales y no gubernamentales como las Naciones Unidas (UN) o la Organización de Estados Americanos (OEA). Bajo la carrera académica de las relaciones internacionales; los problema sociales, políticos, económicos, diplomáticos y geopolíticos de cualquier país, pueden ser evaluados o analizados utilizando tres niveles fundamentales de análisis para esta importante disciplina. El primer nivel de análisis de las relaciones internacionales, es el nivel personal, es decir tu, como individuo y actor político legitimo. El segundo nivel de análisis de esta disciplina es el nivel estatal (domestico o local), el cual va guiado a tu participación cívica y a tus derechos humanos en el contexto político de vuestra sociedad. Y el tercer nivel de análisis de esta disciplina, es aquel que estudia toda esta amalgama de problemas, dilemas y confrontaciones personales, locales e internacionales, desde una perspectiva u óptica global e internacional.

Bringing into dialogue the fields of social history, Andean ethnography, and postcolonial theory, The Lettered Indian maps the moral dilemmas and political stakes involved in the protracted struggle over Indian literacy and schooling in the Bolivian Andes. Brooke Larson traces Bolivia’s major state efforts to educate its unruly Indigenous masses at key junctures in the twentieth century. While much scholarship has focused on “the Indian boarding school” and other Western schemes of racial assimilation, Larson interweaves state-centered and imperial episodes of Indigenous education reform with vivid ethnographies of Aymara peasant protagonists and their extraordinary pro-school initiatives. Exploring the field of vernacular literacy practices and peasant political activism, she examines the transformation of the rural “alphabet school” from an instrument of the civilizing state into a tool of Aymara cultural power, collective representation, and rebel activism. From the metaphorical threshold of the rural school, Larson rethinks the politics of race and indigeneity, nation and empire, in postcolonial Bolivia and beyond.

"The Enlightenment has been represented in radically opposing ways: on the one hand, as the throwing off of the chains of superstition, custom, and usurped authority; on the other hand, in the Romantic period, but also more recently, as what Michel Foucault termed "the great confinement," in which "mind-forged manacles" imprison the free and irrational spirit. The debate about the "Enlightenment project" remains a topical one, which can still arouse fierce passions. This collection of essays by distinguished scholars from various disciplines addresses the central question: "Was Enlightenment a force for emancipation?" Their responses, working from within, and frequently across the disciplinary lines of history, political science, economics, music, literature, aesthetics, art history, and film, reveal unsuspected connections and divergences even between well-known figures and texts. In their turn, the essays suggest the need for further inquiry in areas that turn out to be very far from closed. The volume considers major writings in unusual juxtaposition; highlights new figures of importance; and demonstrates familiar texts to embody strange implications."--Publisher's website.

In Bolivia today, the ability to speak an indigenous language is highly valued among educated urbanites as a useful job skill, but a rural person who speaks a native language is branded with lower social status. Likewise, chewing coca in the countryside spells “inferior indian,” but in La Paz jazz bars it’s decidedly cool. In the Andes and elsewhere, the commodification of indianness has impacted urban lifestyles as people co-opt indigenous cultures for qualities that emphasize the uniqueness of their national culture. This volume looks at how metropolitan ideas of nation employed by politicians, the media and education are produced, reproduced, and contested by people of the rural Andes—people who have long been regarded as ethnically and racially distinct from more culturally European urban citizens. Yet these peripheral “natives” are shown to be actively engaged with the idea of the nation in their own communities, forcing us to re-think the ways in which indigeneity is defined by its marginality. The contributors examine the ways in which numerous identities—racial, generational, ethnic, regional, national, gender, and sexual—are both mutually informing and contradictory among subaltern Andean people who are more likely now to claim an allegiance to a nation than ever before. Although indians are less often confronted with crude assimilationist policies, they continue to face racism and discrimination as they struggle to assert an identity that is more than a mere refraction of the dominant culture. Yet despite the language of multiculturalism employed even in constitutional reform, any assertion of indian identity is likely to be resisted. By exploring topics as varied as nation-building in the 1930s or the chuqila dance, these authors expose a paradox in the relation between indians and the nation: that the nation can be claimed as a source of power and distinct identity while simultaneously making some types of national imaginings unattainable. Whether dancing together or simply talking to one another, the people described in these essays are shown creating identity through processes that are inherently social and interactive. To sing, to eat, to weave . . . In the performance of these simple acts, bodies move in particular spaces and contexts and do so within certain understandings of gender, race and nation. Through its presentation of this rich variety of ethnographic and historical contexts, Natives Making Nation provides a finely nuanced view of contemporary Andean life.