As British Rail approached modernisation of its locomotive fleet in the mid-50s, there was two competing means of using diesel engines as main-line locomotives - hydraulic and electric. This title explores the history of the standard classes that emerged after the victory of the diesel-electric school.

Force and motion control systems of varying degrees of sophistication have shaped the lives of all individuals living in industrialized countries all over the world, and together with communication technology are largely responsible for the high standard ofliving prevalent in many communities. The brains of the vast majority of current control systems are electronic, in the shape of computers, microprocessors or programmable logic controllers (PLC), the nerves are provided by sensors, mainly electromech anical transducers, and the muscle comprises the drive system, in most cases either electric, pneumatic or hydraulic. The factors governing the choice of the most suitable drive are the nature of the application, the performance specification, size, weight, environ mental and safety constraints, with higher power levels favouring hydraulic drives. Past experience, especially in the machine tool sector, has clearly shown that, in the face of competition from electric drives, it is difficult to make a convincing case for hydraulic drives at the bottom end of the power range, specifically at fractional horsepower level. A further, and frequently overriding factor in the choice of drive is the familiarity of the system designer with a particular discipline, which can inhibit the selection of the optimum and most cost-effective solution for a given application. One of the objectives of this book is to help the electrical engineer overcome his natural reluctance to apply any other than electric drives.

Force and motion control systems of varying degrees of sophistication have shaped the lives of all individuals living in industrialized countries all over the world, and together with communication technology are largely responsible for the high standard ofliving prevalent in many communities. The brains of the vast majority of current control systems are electronic, in the shape of computers, microprocessors or programmable logic controllers (PLC), the nerves are provided by sensors, mainly electromech anical transducers, and the muscle comprises the drive system, in most cases either electric, pneumatic or hydraulic. The factors governing the choice of the most suitable drive are the nature of the application, the performance specification, size, weight, environ mental and safety constraints, with higher power levels favouring hydraulic drives. Past experience, especially in the machine tool sector, has clearly shown that, in the face of competition from electric drives, it is difficult to make a convincing case for hydraulic drives at the bottom end of the power at fractional horsepower level. A further, and frequently range, specifically overriding factor in the choice of drive is the familiarity of the system designer with a particular discipline, which can inhibit the selection of the optimum and most cost-effective solution for a given application. One of the objectives of this book is to help the electrical engineer overcome his natural reluctance to apply any other than electric drives.

The key principle of systems engineering, a process now becoming widely applied in the commercial aircraft industry, is that an aircraft should be considered as a whole and not as a collection of parts. Another principle is that the requirements for the aircraft and its subsystems emanate from a logical set of organized functions and from economic or customer-oriented requirements as well as the regulatory requirements for certification. The resulting process promises to synthesize and validate the design of aircraft which are higher in quality, better meet customer requirements and are most economical to operate. This book aims to provide the reader with the information to apply the systems engineering process to the design of new aircraft, derivative aircraft and to change-based designs. The principles of this book are applicable to passenger and cargo carrying aircraft and to commuter and business aircraft. It explains the principles of systems engineering in understandable terms, but does not attempt to educate the reader in the details of the process. Incorporating the latest thinking by FAA and JAA to utilize the systems engineering in the aircraft certification process, the author shows how current guidelines for certification of systems with software are in agreement with its main principles. These in turn can be applied at three levels: the aviation system, the aircraft as a whole and the aircraft subsystem levels. By providing guidelines for managing a commercial aircraft development using the principles of systems engineering, the book will enable engineers and managers to see the work they do in a new light. Whether developing a new aircraft from scratch or simply modifying a subsystem, they will be assisted to see their product from a functional point of view and thus to develop new vehicles which are better, cheaper and safer than before. The readership includes the aircraft industry, suppliers and regulatory communities: especially technic

This edited volume presents basic principles as well as advanced concepts of the computational modeling of steering systems. Moreover, the book includes the components and functionalities of modern steering system, which are presented comprehensively and in a practical way. The book is written by more than 15 leading experts from the automotive industry and its components suppliers. The target audience primarily comprises practicing engineers, developers, researchers as well as graduate students who want to specialize in this field.

Provides reference information concerning the injection molding operation and each of its aspects. It examines considerable technological advancements, especially those in computer methods, that have been made since the second edition was published.