This book reports the basics of hybrid phosphor materials, their synthesis routes and their special properties and characterization techniques. It gives the reader information about the natural origins and development of hybrid materials, which are developed by combining inorganic and organic species in one material interface-determined materials. The book provides a general classification of hybrid materials, wherein inorganic materials modified by organic moieties are distinguished from organic materials or matrices modified by inorganic constituents. It gives a focus to the functionalization of organic materials by inorganic additives. The application areas covered include optoelectronic field, sensor applications, biological and environmental applications.

Solid state white light emitting diode lighting devices outperform conventional light sources in terms of lifetime, durability, and lumens per watt. However, the capital contribution is still to high to encourage widespread adoption. Furthermore, the colour from today's devices is unsuitable for general room illumination and thus new phosphor materials are needed. This dissertation will examine the synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles and the possibility of using hybrid inorganic-organic frameworks in the search for new lighting phosphors. Nanoparticles of the oxide compound yttrium aluminium garnet were synthesized using an emulsion technique, though it was found that the high temperature processing needed for good optical properties was not compatible with maintaining nanosized particles. In terms of hybrid framework phosphors, several aspects of this new area have been explored. The mechanical and optical properties of a dense cerium oxalate formate hybrid framework compound have been investigated. Its strength was found to be nearly as great as some classical ceramic compounds, and clearly robust enough for device applications. While the photoluminescence of the cerium oxalate formate was not suitable for solid state lighting, the impressive mechanical properties evaluated are expected to be valid for a wide range of dense inorganic-organic frameworks. A novel approach to solid state lighting phosphors was introduced by using ligand-based photoluminescence in hybrid frameworks. Novel frameworks were prepared using 9,10-anthraquinone-2,3-dicarboxylic acid in combination with calcium, manganese, nickel, and zinc. These compounds show excellent photoluminescent emission for use in solid state lighting applications, although the luminescence is quenched at room temperature due to dynamic effects. The excitation, while reaching the blue part of the spectrum, falls just short of what is needed for use today's devices. To address these issues, a second class of novel framework compounds was prepared using 9-fluorenone-2,7-dicarboxylic acid in combination with calcium, strontium, barium, cadmium, and manganese. They are more rigid structures and show good luminescence at room temperature with a photoluminescent excitation spectrum extending further into the blue than the anthraquinones. Additionally, quantum yield in the calcium fluorenone is nearly double that of its parent ligand, suggesting that there is an enhancement in luminescent properties as a result its inclusion in a framework structure. An explanation for the differences in efficiency between seemingly similar compounds are drawn from their compositions, crystal structures, photoluminescence, and specific heat properties. Finally, some structural and chemical targets for future hybrid phosphor development are identified based on the relationships identified in this work.

Phosphor Handbook: Process, Properties and Applications provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in research on the synthesis, characterization and applications of organic and inorganic phosphors. There is detailed information presented on the characterization of the relevant phosphor groups, such as up-conversion and down-conversion phosphors, inorganic LED phosphors, organic LED phosphors and thermoluminescence and dosimetric phosphors using various physical and chemical advances. Finally, the advances in phosphor technologies are discussed, including current barriers to their use in commercial applications and emerging opportunities. This book is suitable for researchers and practitioners in academia and those working in R&D in industry in the disciplines of materials science and engineering, materials chemistry, materials physics, photonics science and technology, nanotechnology and physical chemistry. Introduces fundamentals of phosphor materials, including their mechanisms, properties and technologies Reviews the most important categories of phosphor materials (inorganic and organic) for use in light-emitting diodes and dosimetry Discusses advances in physical and chemical methods to synthesize and characterize phosphor materials

A benchmark publication, the first edition of the Phosphor Handbook set the standard for references in this field. Completely revised and updated, this second edition explores new and emerging fields such as nanophosphors, nanomaterials, UV phosphors, quantum cutters, plasma display phosphors, sol-gel and other wet phosphor preparation techniques, preparation through combustion, bioluminescence phosphors and devices, and new laser materials such as OLED. It also contains new chapters on the applications of phosphors in solid state lighting, photoionization of luminescent centers in insulating phosphors, and recent developments in halide-based scintillators. The handbook provides a comprehensive description of phosphors with an emphasis on practical phosphors and their uses in various kinds of technological applications. It covers the fundamentals, namely the basic principles of luminescence, the principle phosphor materials, and their optical properties. The authors describe phosphors used in lamps, cathode-ray tubes, x-ray, and ionizing radiation detection. They cover common measurement methodology used to characterize phosphor properties, discuss a number of related items, and conclude with the history of phosphor technology and industry.

Drawing from the second edition of the best-selling Handbook of Phosphors, Fundamentals of Phosphors covers the principles and mechanisms of luminescence in detail and surveys the primary phosphor materials as well as their optical properties. The book addresses cutting-edge developments in phosphor science and technology including oxynitride phosphors and the impact of lanthanide level location on phosphor performance. Beginning with an explanation of the physics underlying luminescence mechanisms in solids, the book goes on to interpret various luminescence phenomena in inorganic and organic materials. This includes the interpretation of the luminescence of recently developed low-dimensional systems, such as quantum wells and dots. The book also discusses the excitation mechanisms by cathode-ray and ionizing radiation and by electric fields to produce electroluminescence. The book classifies phosphor materials according to the type of luminescence centers employed or the class of host materials used and interprets the optical properties of these materials, including their luminescence characteristics and mechanisms. Placing a strong emphasis on those materials that are important from a practical point of view, the coverage also includes those possessing no possibility for practical use but are important from a theoretical standpoint.

Phosphors are often consisting of transition-metal compounds or rare-earth compounds, with the most common application being displays and fluorescent light. This book will guide the reader through the latest developments in thermo-, electro-, mechano- and bioluminescence of rare earth phosphors and crystals. Also, the effect of doping will be discussed.

Polymers for Light-Emitting Devices and Displays provides an in-depth overview of fabrication methods and unique properties of polymeric semiconductors, and their potential applications for LEDs including organic electronics, displays, and optoelectronics. Some of the chapter subjects include: • The newest polymeric materials and processes beyond the classical structure of PLED • Conjugated polymers and their application in the light-emitting diodes (OLEDs & PLEDs) as optoelectronic devices. • The novel work carried out on electrospun nanofibers used for LEDs. • The roles of diversified architectures, layers, components, and their structural modifications in determining efficiencies and parameters of PLEDs as high-performance devices. • Polymer liquid crystal devices (PLCs), their synthesis, and applications in various liquid crystal devices (LCs) and displays. • Reviews the state-of-art of materials and technologies to manufacture hybrid white light-emitting diodes based on inorganic light sources and organic wavelength converters.