Here is a book for anyone tired of speaking flat, colorless, homogenized English. Pennsylvania Dutchman Gary Gates provides a glossary, read-aloud section, songs, recipes, and more in this delightful, inwaluble introduction to Dutch-ified English. Learn the meaning of "rutch" and "spritz," what a "clod" and a "crotch" are, how to pronounce and make "Cussin Rachel's Snitz und Knepp," and what has happened to food when it's all. As you read this book you will not only learn how to speak better, but when an American Dutchman becomes president you will understand him when he addresses the nation in Dutch-ified English.

Here is a book for anyone tired of speaking flat, colorless, homogenized English. Pennsylvania Dutchman Gary Gates provides a glossary, read-aloud section, songs, recipes, and more in this delightful, “inwaluable” introduction to Dutch-ified English. Learn the meaning of “rutch” and “spritz,” what a “clod” and a “crotch” are, how to pronounce and make “Cussin Rache’s Snitz and Knepp,” and what has happened to food when it’s “all.” Spice up your vocabulary with delightful words and phrases, such as: • Grex: To complain, moan. “Ah, quit your grexing, you have a vonderful life.” • Face: Belief, religious conwiction. “Praise be! Rebecca has found her face in the Lord again!” • Gruntbecky: An expression of hard going. “Gruntbecky! It’s difficult to run in this hot sun.” • Nix nootz: A devilish, mischievous person. “Our daughter is a little nix nootz.” • Rupdawn: A massage. “A good rupdawn will take the ache away.” Tired of trying to conform to traditional speech patterns, Gary offers a warm and funny celebration of the unique Dutch culture in America.

"The phonological differences found in the informants' varieties of English are reflected in the differences in the areas of language use and language attitude. In the final chapter, findings gained from the study of the latter two areas are used to suggest an explanation of the "Pennsylvania German paradox." An attempt is made to integrate the phonological findings into a larger theory of language change and to make predictions about future linguistic developments."--BOOK JACKET.

The book investigates the diachronic dimension of contact-induced language change based on empirical data from Pennsylvania German (PG), a variety of German in long-term contact with English. Written data published in local print media from Pennsylvania (USA) between 1868 and 1992 are analyzed with respect to semantic changes in the argument structure of verbs, the use of impersonal constructions, word order changes in subordinate clauses and in prepositional phrase constructions. The research objective is to trace language change based on diachronic empirical data, and to assess whether existing models of language contact make provisions to cover the long-term developments found in PG. The focus of the study is thus twofold: first, it provides a detailed analysis of selected semantic and syntactic changes in Pennsylvania German, and second, it links the empirical findings to theoretical approaches to language contact. Previous investigations of PG have drawn a more or less static, rather than dynamic, picture of this contact variety. The present study explores how the dynamics of language contact can bring about language mixing, borrowing, and, eventually, language change, taking into account psycholinguistic processes in (the head of) the bilingual speaker.

2011 Updated Reprint. Updated Annually. Netherlands Business and Investment Opportunities Yearbook

2011 Updated Reprint. Updated Annually. Netherlands Company Laws and Regulations Handbook