Holographic Interferometry provides a valuable and up-to-date source of information in the rapidly expanding field. The eight specialists` contributions cover the principles and methods currently in use. The scope of the book has been limited to the study of opaque object and ample space has been devoted to a comprehensive treatment of the phenomena of fringe formation, with a particular emphasis on the quantitative evaluation of the holographic interference fringe patterns. The emergence of computer-aided fringe analysis and phase-shifting techniques have simplified considerably the quantative real-time measurements of object shapes and deformations. The last two chapters provide a reasonably detailedoverview of full-field holographic methods for the measurement of shapes, displacements, dervatives, difference displacements and vibrations.

The book presents the principles and methods of holographic interferometry - a coherent-optical measurement technique for deformation and stress analysis, for the determination of refractive-index distributions, or applied to non-destructive testing. Emphasis of the book is on the quantitative computer-aided evaluation of the holographic interferograms. Based upon wave-optics the evaluation methods, their implementation in computer-algorithms, and their applications in engineering are described.

Holographic and speckle interferometry are optical techniques which use lasers to make non-contracting field view measurements at a sensitivity of the wavelength of light on optically rough (i.e. non-mirrored) surfaces. They may be used to measure static or dynamic displacements, the shape of objects, and refractive index variations of transparent media. As such, these techniques have been applied to the solution of a wide range of problems in strain and vibrational analysis, non-destructive testing (NDT), component inspection and design analysis and fluid flow visualisation. This book provides a self-contained, unified, theoretical analysis of the basic principles and associated opto-electronic techniques (for example Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry). In addition, a detailed discussion of experimental design and practical application to the solution of physical problems is presented. In this new edition, the authors have taken the opportunity to include a much more coherent description of more than twenty individual case studies that are representative of the main uses to which the techniques are put. The Bibliography has also been brought up to date.

This book is an introduction to holographic interferometry - a field of holography having a great number of important and practically useful ap pl ications. It is intended for special ists working in the field of optics and holography, and also for students of the relevant specialities. At present, a gr eater and greater number of mechanica 1 engi neers, tur bine designers, testers of diverse equipment, biologists, crystallographers, and so on have to do with holographic interferometry. To allow these spe cialists, who are comparatively far from optics, to master the subject too, the main content of the book is preceded by an introductory chapter treating the fundamental concepts of the interference of light, optical interferometry, holography and holographic interferometry. The following chapters deal with the fundamentals of the theory of ho lographic interferometry and of experimental equipment. The authors have set themselves the task of sharing their more than ten year of experience of work in the field of holographic interferometry with their readers. In this connection, the questions which they dealt with directly are con sidered in somewhat greater detail, as a rule, than those with which they have become acquainted only from publications on the subject. A sufficiently detailed (although far from complete) bibliography gives any interested reader an opportunity to improve his knowledge of this field.

This monograph deals with diverse applications of holographic interferome try in experimental solid mechanics. Holographic interferometry has experienced a development of twenty years. It has enjoyed success and suffered some disappointments mainly due to early overestimation of its potential. At present, development of holo graphic interferometry is progressing primarily as a technique for quantita tive measurements. This is what motivated us to write this book - to ana lyze the quantitative methods of holographic interferometry. The fringe patterns obtained in holographic interferometry are graphi cally descriptive. In the general case, however, because they contain infor mation on the total vectors of displacement for points on the surface of a stressed body, the interpretation of these interferograms is much more complicated than in typical conventional interferometry. In addition, the high sensitivity of the method imposes new requirements on the loading of the objects under study. New approaches to designing loading fixtures are needed in many cases to ensure the desired loading conditions. The wealth of information obtained in holographic interferometry necessitates the use of modern computational mathematics. Therefore, practical implementation of the various methods of holographic interferometry must overcome sub stantial difficulties requiring adequate knowledge in diverse areas of science such as coherent optics, laser technology, mechanics, and applied mathe matics. Experimental methods play a significant role in solid mechanics.

Transparent in the visible range, phase objects can be studied in the optical range using holographic interferometry. Typically, the holograms are recorded on high-resolving-power holographic photo materials, but a lower spatial resolution is sufficient for successful research in many scientific applications. Holographic Interferometry: A Mach–Zehnder Approach offers practical guidance to research scientists and engineers using Mach–Zehnder holographic interferometry methods to study phase objects in the laboratory. The Mach–Zehnder approach allows the use of standard photographic film and electronic CCD/CMOS sensors with low resolving power, making it a simpler and more affordable option for testing many types of phase objects. This book demonstrates how to use standard photographic film for the optical recording and reconstruction of Mach–Zehnder holograms. It also illustrates techniques for using CCD/CMOS cameras to digitally record Mach–Zehnder holograms/interferograms of transparent objects. Bringing together original research and information scattered throughout existing literature, this book focuses on the holographic reference beam and shearing interferometry methods. In particular, it looks at how these methods and optical schemes can be directly applied to testing aerodynamic flows, as well as to plasmas, shocks, and waves in noncoherent laser–matter interactions. Numerous reconstructed and classic interferograms, deflectograms, and Schlierengrams illustrate the material, helping readers develop and design their own optimal optical scheme and choose applicable details to apply the approach. Describing methods in a mathematically simple and accessible way, this book is also suitable for graduate students in the fields of aerospace engineering and optics, as well as those in laser, thermal, and plasma physics.

The book presents the principles and methods of holographic interferometry, a coherent-optical measurement technique for deformation and stress analysis, for the determination of refractive-index distributions, or applied to non-destructive testing. Emphasis of the book is on the quantitative computer-aided evaluation of the holographic interferograms. Based upon wave-optics the evaluation methods, their implementation in computer-algorithms, and their applications in engineering are described.