History of Trumbull and Mahoning Counties with illustrations and biographical sketches, Volume I By H.Z. Williams Contents Part I-General History I-Indian Occupation II-European Exploration III-Ownership of the Northwest IV-Sale of the Western Reserve V-Connecticut Land Company VI-Progress of Western Settlement VII-Settlement of the Reserve VIII-Indian Abdication IX-The Pioneers X-Civil Government XI-Mahoning County XII-Militia Organization and War of 1812 XIII-Geology XIV-Transportation Facilities XV-County Societies XVI-The Rebellion Record XVII-The Bar of Trumbull County XVIII-Mahoning County Bar Part II-City of Warren, Ohio I-The Village and Village Life II-Business Growth III-Religious Organization IV-The Press V-Schools VI-Civil History VII-Physicians of Warren VIII-Warren Lodges IX-Leavittsburg X-Biographical Sketches XI-Biographical Notes Part III-City of Youngstown, Ohio I-Initial Events II-Industrial Growth III-Religious Societies IV-Public Schools V-Physicians VI-Soldiers' Movement VII-The Press--Secret Societies VIII-Biographical Sketches IX-Notes of Settlement Sketch of the Life of James A. Garfield Prefatory Note This work was undertaken in answer to the invitation of many citizens of the Mahoning Valley. It originated in their laudable appreciation of the deeds of their ancestors and the desire that the record of the lives of those who laid the foundation of civilization on the Reserve, and have brought to its successful accomplishment the work of developing the resources of this favored valley, should be embodied in permanent form. The publishers have aimed at accuracy and completeness, and trust they have been reasonably successful. The material used in the compilation of these two volumes was mainly gleaned from interviews with more than one thousand individuals. The editors have been at great pains to eliminate errors, but they can not hope in every instance to have avoided inaccuracies. it is believed, however, that their work is essentially correct. In the compilation of the General History original manuscripts and records were usually relied upon, but in addition to these, published works have furnished valuable information. The first two chapters of the history of Youngstown were written by J.M. Edwards, whose special qualifications are well known. The history of Hartford township was written by T.A. Bushnell, and of Greene by James Braden. The editors were received everywhere with cordiality and treated with kindness. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Windham Press is committed to bringing the lost cultural heritage of ages past into the 21st century through high-quality reproductions of original, classic printed works at affordable prices. This book has been carefully crafted to utilize the original images of antique books rather than error-prone OCR text. This also preserves the work of the original typesetters of these classics, unknown craftsmen who laid out the text, often by hand, of each and every page you will read. Their subtle art involving judgment and interaction with the text is in many ways superior and more human than the mechanical methods utilized today, and gave each book a unique, hand-crafted feel in its text that connected the reader organically to the art of bindery and book-making. We think these benefits are worth the occasional imperfection resulting from the age of these books at the time of scanning, and their vintage feel provides a connection to the past that goes beyond the mere words of the text.