In this book, two new methods are described and supported by extensive experimental results that measure the amounts of a sulfur-donor thiuram accelerator and a sulfenamide thiazole accelerator needed to provide monomolecular coverage of zinc oxide. These methods use zinc oxide with only one accelerator and no stearic acid to produce two single additives, that can efficiently cure rubber, despite using fewer chemicals. This is a departure from the past when efficiency in sulfur vulcanization was achieved by using a high volume of these chemicals. A few sulfur-donor accelerators that exist produce highly toxic nitrosamines during high-temperature mixing and curing. When safer accelerators are on hand to treat the zinc oxide, a suitable single additive will be available to replace the current sulfur cure systems in industrial rubber formulations. This will bring huge benefits to the manufacturers and users of these chemicals. It is preferable to use zinc oxide to determine the precise amount of the accelerator required for a satisfactory cure rather than relying on outdated methods that need to be modified. A software is also developed to help with the selection and management of zinc oxide and the accelerators for the sulfur vulcanization. Green rubber products are within reach.

In this book, two new methods are described and supported by extensive experimental results that measure the amounts of a sulfur-donor thiuram accelerator and a sulfenamide thiazole accelerator needed to provide monomolecular coverage of zinc oxide. These methods use zinc oxide with only one accelerator and no stearic acid to produce two single additives, that can efficiently cure rubber, despite using fewer chemicals. This is a departure from the past when efficiency in sulfur vulcanization was achieved by using a high volume of these chemicals. A few sulfur-donor accelerators that exist produce highly toxic nitrosamines during high-temperature mixing and curing. When safer accelerators are on hand to treat the zinc oxide, a suitable single additive will be available to replace the current sulfur cure systems in industrial rubber formulations. This will bring huge benefits to the manufacturers and users of these chemicals. It is preferable to use zinc oxide to determine the precise amount of the accelerator required for a satisfactory cure rather than relying on outdated methods that need to be modified. A software is also developed to help with the selection and management of zinc oxide and the accelerators for the sulfur vulcanization. Green rubber products are within reach.

This review discusses the different types of curing systems available today for different rubber types, including natural rubber, SBR, NBR, BR, IIR, CR, XIIR and EPDM. The uses of primary and secondary accelerators, prevulcanisation inhibitors (PVIs) and antireversion chemicals are outlined.Typical rubber formulations for applications in industrial rubber products and tyres are given. Cure systems are described and compared with extensive tables of data on formulae and compound properties. An additional indexed section containing several hundred abstracts from the Rapra Polymer Library database gives useful references for further reading.

The Science and Technology of Rubber, Third Edition provides a broad survey of elastomers with special emphasis on materials with a rubber-like elasticity. As in the 2nd edition, the emphasis remains on a unified treatment of the material; exploring topics from the chemical aspects such as elastomer synthesis and curing, through recent theoretical developments and characterization of equilibrium and dynamic properties, to the final applications of rubber, including tire engineering and manufacturing. Many advances have been made in polymer and elastomers research over the past ten years since the 2nd edition was published. Updated material stresses the continuous relationship between the ongoing research in synthesis, physics, structure and mechanics of rubber technology and industrial applications. Special attention is paid to recent advances in rubber-like elasticity theory and new processing techniques for elastomers. This new edition is comprised of 20% new material, including a new chapter on environmental issues and tire recycling.

This book deals with the formulation of industrial products Its field of application goes from food-processing industry to the industry of elastomers showing that the principles of development follow always the same methodology.

An up-to-date and comprehensive overview summarizing recent achievements, the state of the art, and trends in research into nanocellulose and cellulose nanocomposites. Following an introduction, this ready references discusses the characterization as well surface modification of cellulose nanocomposites before going into details of the manufacturing and the self-assembly of such compounds. After a description of various alternatives, including thermoplastic, thermosetting, rubber, and fully green cellulose nanocomposites, the book continues with their mechanic and thermal properties, as well as crystallization and rheology behavior. A summary of spectroscopic and water sorption properties precedes a look at environmental health and safety of these nanocomposites. With its coverage of a wide variety of materials, important characterization tools and resulting applications, this is an essential reference for beginners as well as experienced researchers.