In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.

Racial and ethnic disparities in health care are known to reflect access to care and other issues that arise from differing socioeconomic conditions. There is, however, increasing evidence that even after such differences are accounted for, race and ethnicity remain significant predictors of the quality of health care received. In Unequal Treatment, a panel of experts documents this evidence and explores how persons of color experience the health care environment. The book examines how disparities in treatment may arise in health care systems and looks at aspects of the clinical encounter that may contribute to such disparities. Patients' and providers' attitudes, expectations, and behavior are analyzed. How to intervene? Unequal Treatment offers recommendations for improvements in medical care financing, allocation of care, availability of language translation, community-based care, and other arenas. The committee highlights the potential of cross-cultural education to improve provider-patient communication and offers a detailed look at how to integrate cross-cultural learning within the health professions. The book concludes with recommendations for data collection and research initiatives. Unequal Treatment will be vitally important to health care policymakers, administrators, providers, educators, and students as well as advocates for people of color.

The Congressional Record is the official record of the proceedings and debates of the United States Congress. It is published daily when Congress is in session. The Congressional Record began publication in 1873. Debates for sessions prior to 1873 are recorded in The Debates and Proceedings in the Congress of the United States (1789-1824), the Register of Debates in Congress (1824-1837), and the Congressional Globe (1833-1873)

Family history and genealogical information about the descendants of John Shears Olliff and Johannah Jackson. John was born ca. 1752 in North Carolina. He was the son of J. Olliff and Mary Shears. Johannah was born ca. 1755. She was the daughter of Joseph Jackson and Ann Jarvis. John Olliff married Johanna Jackson ca. 1785 in North Carolina. They lived in Bulloch Co., Georgia and were the parents of three sons and three daughters. Descendants lived primarily in Georgia.

Founded in Indian Territory in 1858, the Sisters of Charity of Leavenworth met, a century later, challenges of a new frontier in the church's call to adapt to modern circumstances and in their own awareness of deepening social and ecclesial needs. For three decades, sisters struggled with conditions that threatened unity: issues of governance, demands of professional training, diverse backgrounds, differing experience of communal life, developing theology of religious vows. Diminishing numbers coupled with need for leadership led to new institutional roles and new forms of ministry. Emerging Frontiers records the struggle and its outcome. A common past and determination to stay together marked the long search for a renewed common vision. A new century brought re-dedication to a Vincentian heritage and far-flung partnerships in the mission given by Jesus Christ to his people. Commitment to those in need, especially women and children; fidelity to the church; faithful relationship with those of means and good will, and with the earth; transition to sponsorship of institutional ministries, many now administered by lay women and men; solidarity with all who stand for justice and peace: this was the resolution of a renewed Community whose story is told here.