This Brief is aimed at engineers and researchers involved in the refrigeration industry: specifically, those interested in energy utilization and system efficiency. The book presents what the authors believe is the first comprehensive frost melting study involving all aspects of heat and mass transfer. The volume’s description of in-plane and normal digital images of frost growth and melting is also unique in the field, and the digital analysis technique offers an advantage over invasive measurement methods. The scope of book’s coverage includes modeling and experimentation for the frost formation and melting processes. The key sub-specialties to which the book are aimed include refrigeration system analysis and design, coupled heat and mass transfer, and phase-change processes.

University Physics is designed for the two- or three-semester calculus-based physics course. The text has been developed to meet the scope and sequence of most university physics courses and provides a foundation for a career in mathematics, science, or engineering. The book provides an important opportunity for students to learn the core concepts of physics and understand how those concepts apply to their lives and to the world around them. Due to the comprehensive nature of the material, we are offering the book in three volumes for flexibility and efficiency. Coverage and Scope Our University Physics textbook adheres to the scope and sequence of most two- and three-semester physics courses nationwide. We have worked to make physics interesting and accessible to students while maintaining the mathematical rigor inherent in the subject. With this objective in mind, the content of this textbook has been developed and arranged to provide a logical progression from fundamental to more advanced concepts, building upon what students have already learned and emphasizing connections between topics and between theory and applications. The goal of each section is to enable students not just to recognize concepts, but to work with them in ways that will be useful in later courses and future careers. The organization and pedagogical features were developed and vetted with feedback from science educators dedicated to the project. VOLUME II Unit 1: Thermodynamics Chapter 1: Temperature and Heat Chapter 2: The Kinetic Theory of Gases Chapter 3: The First Law of Thermodynamics Chapter 4: The Second Law of Thermodynamics Unit 2: Electricity and Magnetism Chapter 5: Electric Charges and Fields Chapter 6: Gauss's Law Chapter 7: Electric Potential Chapter 8: Capacitance Chapter 9: Current and Resistance Chapter 10: Direct-Current Circuits Chapter 11: Magnetic Forces and Fields Chapter 12: Sources of Magnetic Fields Chapter 13: Electromagnetic Induction Chapter 14: Inductance Chapter 15: Alternating-Current Circuits Chapter 16: Electromagnetic Waves

This volume of papers has been produced in memory of Professor R.R. Gilpin, who was a pioneer in the field of freezing phenomena in ice-water systems. The subject has applications in ice formation in industrial plants, technologies for manufacturing crystals in space for semiconductors and computer chips and atmospheric physics and geophysics.

About the Book: Salient features: A number of Complex problems along with the solutions are provided Objective type questions for self-evaluation and better understanding of the subject Problems related to the practical aspects of the subject have been worked out Checking the authenticity of dimensional homogeneity in case of all derived equations Validation of numerical solutions by cross checking Plenty of graded exercise problems from simple to complex situations are included Variety of questions have been included for the clear grasping of the basic principles Redrawing of all the figures for more clarity and understanding Radiation shape factor charts and Heisler charts have also been included Essential tables are included The basic topics have been elaborately discussed Presented in a more better and fresher way Contents: An Overview of Heat Transfer Steady State Conduction Conduction with Heat Generation Heat Transfer with Extended Surfaces (FINS) Two Dimensional Steady Heat Conduction Transient Heat Conduction Convection Convective Heat Transfer Practical Correlation Flow Over Surfaces Forced Convection Natural Convection Phase Change Processes Boiling, Condensation, Freezing and Melting Heat Exchangers Thermal Radiation Mass Transfer

There has been increasing interest in the use of Artificial Ground Freezing (AGF) in forming efficient barriers to prevent pollution penetrating geological deposits. This volume includes papers on heat and mass transfer, frost susceptibility and frost heave, and mechanical properties.