This outstanding resource provides a comprehensive guide to intracardiac blood flow phenomena and cardiac hemodynamics, including the developmental history, theoretical frameworks, computational fluid dynamics, and practical applications for clinical cardiology, cardiac imaging and embryology. It is not a mere compilation of the most up-to-date scientific data and relevant concepts. Rather, it is an integrated educational means to developing pluridisciplinary background, knowledge, and understanding. Such understanding allows an appreciation of the crucial, albeit heretofore generally unappreciated, importance of intracardiac blood flow phenomena in a host of multifaceted functional and morphogenetic cardiac adaptations. The book includes over 400 figures, which were prepared by the author and form a vital part of the pedagogy. It is organized in three parts. Part I, Fundamentals of Intracardiac Flows and Their Measurement, provides comprehensive background from many disciplines that are necessary for a deep and broad understanding and appreciation of intracardiac blood flow phenomena. Such indispensable background spans several chapters and covers necessary mathematics, a brief history of the evolution of ideas and methodological approaches that are relevant to cardiac fluid dynamics and imaging, a qualitative introduction to fluid dynamic stability theory, chapters on physics and fluid dynamics of unsteady blood flows and an intuitive introduction to various kinds of relevant vortical fluid motions. Part II, Visualization of Intracardiac Blood Flows: Methodologies, Frameworks and Insights, is devoted to pluridisciplinary approaches to the visualization of intracardiac blood flows. It encompasses chapters on 3-D real-time and "live 3-D" echocardiography and Doppler echocardiography, CT tomographic scanning modalities, including multidetector spiral/helical dataset acquisitions, MRI and cardiac MRA, including phase contrast velocity mapping (PCVM), etc. An entire chapter is devoted to the understanding of post processing exploration techniques and the display of tomographic data, including "slice-and-dice" 3-D techniques and cine-MRI. Part II also encompasses an intuitive introduction to CFD as it pertains to intracardiac blood flow simulations, followed--in separate chapters--by conceptually rich treatments of the computational fluid dynamics of ejection and of diastolic filling. An entire chapter is devoted to fluid dynamic epigenetic factors in cardiogenesis and pre- and postnatal cardiac remodeling, and another to clinical and basic science perspectives, and their implications for emerging research frontiers. Part III contains an Appendix presenting technical aspects of the method of predetermined boundary motion, "PBM," developed at Duke University by the author and his collaborators.

Issues for 1906- include the proceedings and abstracts of papers of the American Association of Anatomists (formerly the Association of American Anatomists); 1916-60, the proceedings and abstracts of papers of the American Society of Zoologists.

The new edition of the acclaimed reference text on the most critical tool in pediatric cardiology practice Echocardiography in Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease provides comprehensive guidance on the use of non-invasive ultrasound imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric cardiac conditions. Written by a team of experts from the world’s leading pediatric cardiology centers, this highly-illustrated, full-color reference covers anatomy, pathophysiology, ultrasound physics, laboratory setup, patient preparation and safety, pediatric echocardiogram protocols, quantitative methods of echocardiographic evaluation, and more. Offering a wealth of additional material on state-of-the-art techniques and technologies in echocardiography, the thoroughly revised third edition features entirely new chapters on examination guidelines and standards, quality improvement in the laboratory, perioperative echocardiography, hemodynamic assessment of the neonate, early fetal echocardiography, and multimodality imaging. This edition offers updated and expanded discussion of the latest advances in echocardiography, particularly those related to speckle tracking and 3D echocardiography. An essential resource for all practitioners, instructors, and trainees in the field, Echocardiography in Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease: Provides up-to-date reference to ultrasound imaging of the hearts of fetuses, children, and adults with both acquired and congenital heart disease Covers the echocardiographic examination of congenital cardiovascular abnormalities before, during, and after treatment Describes quantitative methods of echocardiographic evaluation, including assessment of diastolic function, right ventricular function and assessment of the post-Fontan patient Discusses intraoperative echocardiography, heart disease in pregnancy, and other special techniques and topics Includes more than 1200 high-quality color images as well as a companion website with over 600 video clips Echocardiography in Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease, Third Edition, remains an essential textbook for cardiac sonographers, pediatric and adult cardiologists, echocardiography nurses and technicians, and adult cardiologists with interest in congenital heart disease.

A highly original theory of how the mind-brain works, based on the author's study of single neuronal cells. In I of the Vortex, Rodolfo Llinas, a founding father of modern brain science, presents an original view of the evolution and nature of mind. According to Llinas, the "mindness state" evolved to allow predictive interactions between mobile creatures and their environment. He illustrates the early evolution of mind through a primitive animal called the "sea squirt." The mobile larval form has a brainlike ganglion that receives sensory information about the surrounding environment. As an adult, the sea squirt attaches itself to a stationary object and then digests most of its own brain. This suggests that the nervous system evolved to allow active movement in animals. To move through the environment safely, a creature must anticipate the outcome of each movement on the basis of incoming sensory data. Thus the capacity to predict is most likely the ultimate brain function. One could even say that Self is the centralization of prediction. At the heart of Llinas's theory is the concept of oscillation. Many neurons possess electrical activity, manifested as oscillating variations in the minute voltages across the cell membrane. On the crests of these oscillations occur larger electrical events that are the basis for neuron-to-neuron communication. Like cicadas chirping in unison, a group of neurons oscillating in phase can resonate with a distant group of neurons. This simultaneity of neuronal activity is the neurobiological root of cognition. Although the internal state that we call the mind is guided by the senses, it is also generated by the oscillations within the brain. Thus, in a certain sense, one could say that reality is not all "out there," but is a kind of virtual reality.