Objective The objective of this study is to (1) provide estimates of healthcare spending of children and youth in the U.S. from 1996 through 2012 across types of goods and services, age groups, sex groups, and causes of illness and healthcare events; (2) explain changes in healthcare spending among children and youth over time; and (3) estimate average total healthcare spending between birth and age 16. Method Data from the National Health Expenditure Accounts (NHEA) are used to provide total healthcare spending across different categories of goods or services. Microdata are used to estimate the composition of healthcare spending across age groups, sex groups, and causes of illness or healthcare events within each category. Healthcare spending estimates are analyzed across levels and changes. A decomposition method is employed to explain changes in healthcare spending across increases in population, prevalence, utilization, and prices. Estimates are aggregated across cohorts to ascertain healthcare spending over an average child's childhood. Results From 1996 to 2012 children's healthcare spending increased from $161 billion to $259 billion, the most of which was ambulatory care spending. Per capita (per child) healthcare spending is greatest for under-1-year-olds. The $98 billion increase in spending was mostly due to increases in prices over the time period. Over the course of the prior 16 years, on average, a 16-year-old in 2012 spent $37,454 on healthcare. Conclusion The findings from these analyses will serve as valuable evidence for health policymakers, providers of pediatric services, and families in the planning for children's health.

This Statistical Brief presents estimates from the Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS-HC) concerning the health insurance status of the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized child, a key element related to their health care.

This comprehensive volume brings together international experts involved in applying and developing understanding of Working Memory in the context of a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders, neurocognitive disorders, and depressive disorders. Each chapter provides a description of the disorder and investigates the Working Memory and related Executive Function deficits. It goes on to provide a neurological profile, before exploring the impact of the disorder in daily functions, the current debates related to this disorder, and the potential effects of medication and intervention. Through combining coverage of theoretical understanding, methods of assessment, and different evidence-based intervention programs, the book supports clinical assessment and management of poor Working Memory. It is essential reading for students in neurodevelopmental disorders, atypical development and developmental psychopathology as well as allied health professionals, clinicians and those working with children in education and healthcare settings.

Encyclopedia of Infant and Early Childhood Development, Second Edition, provides a comprehensive entry point into the existing literature on child development in the fields of psychology, genetics, neuroscience and sociology. Featuring 171 chapters, across 3 volumes, this work helps readers understand these developmental changes, when they occur, why they occur, how they occur, and the factors that influence development. Although some medical information is included, the emphasis lies mainly in normal growth, primarily from a psychological perspective. Comprehensive and in-depth scholarly articles cover theoretical, applied and basic science topics, providing an interdisciplinary approach. All articles have been completely updated, making this resource ideal for a wide range of readers, including advanced undergraduate and graduate students, researchers and clinicians in developmental psychology, medicine, nursing, social science and early childhood education. Cutting-edge content that cover the period of neonates to age three Organized alphabetically by topic for ease of reference Provides in-depth scholarly articles, covering theoretical, applied and basic science Includes suggested readings at the end of each article

Young adulthood - ages approximately 18 to 26 - is a critical period of development with long-lasting implications for a person's economic security, health and well-being. Young adults are key contributors to the nation's workforce and military services and, since many are parents, to the healthy development of the next generation. Although 'millennials' have received attention in the popular media in recent years, young adults are too rarely treated as a distinct population in policy, programs, and research. Instead, they are often grouped with adolescents or, more often, with all adults. Currently, the nation is experiencing economic restructuring, widening inequality, a rapidly rising ratio of older adults, and an increasingly diverse population. The possible transformative effects of these features make focus on young adults especially important. A systematic approach to understanding and responding to the unique circumstances and needs of today's young adults can help to pave the way to a more productive and equitable tomorrow for young adults in particular and our society at large. Investing in The Health and Well-Being of Young Adults describes what is meant by the term young adulthood, who young adults are, what they are doing, and what they need. This study recommends actions that nonprofit programs and federal, state, and local agencies can take to help young adults make a successful transition from adolescence to adulthood. According to this report, young adults should be considered as a separate group from adolescents and older adults. Investing in The Health and Well-Being of Young Adults makes the case that increased efforts to improve high school and college graduate rates and education and workforce development systems that are more closely tied to high-demand economic sectors will help this age group achieve greater opportunity and success. The report also discusses the health status of young adults and makes recommendations to develop evidence-based practices for young adults for medical and behavioral health, including preventions. What happens during the young adult years has profound implications for the rest of the life course, and the stability and progress of society at large depends on how any cohort of young adults fares as a whole. Investing in The Health and Well-Being of Young Adults will provide a roadmap to improving outcomes for this age group as they transition from adolescence to adulthood.

First Edition Designated a Doody's Core Title and Winner of an AJN Book of the Year Award! This distinguished title, written by nationally recognized nursing experts in health care and pediatrics, delivers the most current evidence-based practice standards and their application. These guidelines, developed through systematic consensus-building led by the AAN’s Child, Adolescent, and Family Expert Panel, incorporates the wisdom of 17 professional nursing and healthcare organizations regarding the core elements of pediatric nursing excellence. This second edition contains substantial updates to all guidelines based on the most current research evidence and demonstrates examples of how to best apply the guidelines to nursing practice. Disseminating the gold standard of care for infants, children, adolescents, and families, this text addresses access to health care, genetic assessment and counseling, culturally responsive care, care for children and youth with disabilities, and others. Every chapter breaks down a guideline into its definition, history, and implications for clinical, education, policy, and research in nursing practice. A case study based around the analyzed guideline illustrates how the guideline should be employed in nursing practice culminates every chapter. Replete with supplemental online files full of resources to apply these guidelines to nursing practice, Guidelines for Nursing Excellence in the Care of Children, Youth, and Families represents an invaluable resource for pediatric nurses, nursing students, nursing educators, nursing administrators, pediatric and family nurse practitioners, advanced practice nurses, nursing clinicians in public health, school nurses, and nurse researchers. New to the Second Edition: Significant updates to all 17 guidelines based on latest research evidence Contributions by five new nursing and health care organizations A new chapter organizational framework incorporating useful pedagogical elements Examples of applications to education, research, policy, and clinical practice A new faculty toolkit Key Features: Provides current pediatric practice standards formatted and endorsed by 17 leading professional nursing and health care organizations Includes content applicable to advanced practice nurses, educators, researchers, and consultants Includes learning objectives, description of guidelines, applications to practice, exemplars, references, and websites for additional resources

For use as a text in foundations generalist social policy courses, either at the baccalaureate or master’s level, this book examines the process of defining need, analyzing social policy, and developing new policy. A clear philosophical base and a common theoretical framework underlie the discussion of each component of the policy process. Four themes are interwoven throughout the book: the importance of thinking critically about social policy, the benefits of using the strengths perspective in policy analysis and development, the critical role social policy plays in all areas of practice, and the absolute responsibility of every social worker to engage in policy practice. Routledgesw.com now contains 6 cases; the Sanchez Case has been revised to include much more policy content. Instructor materials include extra readings, PowerPoints, test questions, annotated links, syllabi, and EPAS guidelines.? The book is also customizable on Routledge Custom Gateway.