Health Implications of Perchlorate Ingestion

Health Implications of Perchlorate Ingestion
Title Health Implications of Perchlorate Ingestion PDF eBook
Author National Research Council
Publisher National Academies Press
Pages 276
Release 2005-04-18
Genre Science
ISBN 0309181356

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Perchlorateâ€"a powerful oxidant used in solid rocket fuels by the military and aerospace industryâ€"has been detected in public drinking water supplies of over 11 million people at concentrations of at least 4 parts per billion (ppb). High doses of perchlorate can decrease thyroid hormone production by inhibiting the uptake of iodide by the thyroid. Thyroid hormones are critical for normal growth and development of the central nervous system of fetuses and infants. This report evaluates the potential health effects of perchlorate and the scientific underpinnings of the 2002 draft risk assessment issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The report finds that the body can compensate for iodide deficiency, and that iodide uptake would likely have to be reduced by at least 75% for months or longer for adverse health effects, such as hypothryroidism, to occur. The report recommends using clinical studies of iodide uptake in humans as the basis for determining a reference dose rather than using studies of adverse health effects in rats that serve as EPA's basis. The report suggests that daily ingestion of 0.0007 milligrams of perchlorate per kilograms of body weightâ€"an amount more than 20 times the reference dose proposed by EPAâ€"should not threaten the health of even the most sensitive populations.

Perchlorate

Perchlorate
Title Perchlorate PDF eBook
Author United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Environment and Hazardous Materials
Publisher
Pages 276
Release 2008
Genre Medical
ISBN

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Perchlorate in Drinking Water Scientific Collaboration in Defining Safety

Perchlorate in Drinking Water Scientific Collaboration in Defining Safety
Title Perchlorate in Drinking Water Scientific Collaboration in Defining Safety PDF eBook
Author Daland R. Juberg
Publisher Am Cncl on Science, Health
Pages 40
Release 2002
Genre Drinking water
ISBN

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Toxicological Profile for Perchlorates

Toxicological Profile for Perchlorates
Title Toxicological Profile for Perchlorates PDF eBook
Author
Publisher
Pages 278
Release 2005
Genre Perchloric acid
ISBN

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Perchlorate Contamination and Health Issues

Perchlorate Contamination and Health Issues
Title Perchlorate Contamination and Health Issues PDF eBook
Author Anna M. Popescu
Publisher
Pages 0
Release 2011
Genre Perchlorates
ISBN 9781611228571

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Perchlorate is the explosive component of solid rocket fuel, fireworks, road flares, and other products. Used heavily by the Department of Defense (DOD) and related industries, perchlorate also occurs naturally and is present in some organic fertiliser. This soluble, persistent compound has been detected in drinking water supplies, milk and many foods. Because of this widespread occurrence, concern over the potential health risks of perchlorate exposure has increased, Members of Congress have urged the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to set a federal drinking water standard for this chemical. This book reviews perchlorate contamination issues and related developments.

Perchlorate in Drinking Water

Perchlorate in Drinking Water
Title Perchlorate in Drinking Water PDF eBook
Author
Publisher
Pages 120
Release 2004
Genre Drinking water
ISBN

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Ecotoxicology, Ecological Risk Assessment and Multiple Stressors

Ecotoxicology, Ecological Risk Assessment and Multiple Stressors
Title Ecotoxicology, Ecological Risk Assessment and Multiple Stressors PDF eBook
Author Gerassimos Arapis
Publisher Springer
Pages 360
Release 2009-09-03
Genre Science
ISBN 9789048107421

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The science of ecotoxicology and the practice of ecological risk assessment are evolving rapidly. Ecotoxicology as a subject area came into prominence in the 1960s after the publication of Rachel Carson's book on the impact of pesticides on the environment. The rise of public and scientific concern for the effects of chemical pollutants on the environment in the 1960s and 1970s led to the development of the discipline of ecotoxicology, a science that takes into account the effects of chemicals in the context of ecology. Until the early 1980s, in spite of public concern and interest among scientists, the assessment of ecological risks associated with natural or synthetic pollutants was not considered a priority issue by most government. However, as the years passed, a better understanding of the importance of ecotoxicology emerged and with it, in some countries, the progressive formalization of an ecological risk assessment process. Ecological risk assessment is a conceptual tool for organizing and analyzing data and information to evaluate the likelihood that one or more stressors are causing or will cause adverse ecological effects. Ecological risk assessment allows risk managers to consider available scientific information when selecting a course of action, in addition to other factors that may affect their decision (e. g. , social, legal, political, or economic). Ecological risk assessment includes three phases (problem formulation, analysis, and risk characterization).