The purpose of this project is to develop a comprehensive Hate Speech Detection and Sentiment Analysis system using both Machine Learning and Deep Learning techniques. The project aims to create a robust and accurate system that can automatically identify hate speech in text data and perform sentiment analysis to determine the emotions and opinions expressed in the text. The project is designed to address the growing concern over the spread of hate speech and offensive content online. By implementing an automated detection system, it can help social media platforms, content moderators, and online communities to proactively identify and remove harmful content, fostering a safer and more inclusive online environment. Additionally, sentiment analysis plays a crucial role in understanding public opinions, customer feedback, and social media trends. By accurately predicting sentiment, businesses can make data-driven decisions, improve customer satisfaction, and gain valuable insights into consumer preferences. This project focuses on Hate Speech Detection and Sentiment Analysis using both Machine Learning and Deep Learning techniques. It begins with exploring the dataset, analyzing feature distributions, and predicting sentiment using Machine Learning models like Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machines, K-Nearest Neighbors, Decision Trees, Random Forests, Gradient Boosting, Extreme Gradient Boosting, Light Gradient Boosting, and AdaBoost, while optimizing their performance through Grid Search for hyperparameter tuning. Subsequently, Deep Learning LSTM and 1D CNN models are implemented for sentiment analysis to capture long-term dependencies and local patterns in the text data. The project starts with exploring the dataset, understanding its structure, and analyzing the distribution of classes for hate speech and sentiment labels. This initial step allows us to gain insights into the dataset and potential challenges. After exploring the data, the distribution of text features, such as word frequency and sentiment scores, is analyzed to identify any patterns or biases that could impact the model's performance. The dataset is then divided into training, validation, and testing sets to evaluate the models' generalization capabilities. Early stopping techniques are utilized during training to prevent overfitting and enhance model generalization. Performance evaluation involves calculating metrics like accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score to gauge the models' effectiveness. Confusion matrices and visualizations provide further insights into model predictions and potential areas for improvement. A graphical user interface (GUI) is developed using PyQt to facilitate user interaction with the Hate Speech Detection and Sentiment Analysis system. Before training the Deep Learning models, the text data is tokenized and padded for uniform input sequences. The dataset is split into training and validation sets for model evaluation, and early stopping is used to prevent overfitting during training. The final system combines predictions from both Machine Learning and Deep Learning models to provide robust sentiment analysis results. The PyQt GUI allows users to input text and receive real-time sentiment analysis predictions. The LSTM and 1D CNN models, along with their optimized hyperparameters, are saved and deployed for future sentiment analysis tasks. Users can interact with the GUI, analyze sentiment in different texts, and provide feedback for continuous improvement of the Hate Speech Detection and Sentiment Analysis system.

Book 1: BANK LOAN STATUS CLASSIFICATION AND PREDICTION USING MACHINE LEARNING WITH PYTHON GUI The dataset used in this project consists of more than 100,000 customers mentioning their loan status, current loan amount, monthly debt, etc. There are 19 features in the dataset. The dataset attributes are as follows: Loan ID, Customer ID, Loan Status, Current Loan Amount, Term, Credit Score, Annual Income, Years in current job, Home Ownership, Purpose, Monthly Debt, Years of Credit History, Months since last delinquent, Number of Open Accounts, Number of Credit Problems, Current Credit Balance, Maximum Open Credit, Bankruptcies, and Tax Liens. The models used in this project are K-Nearest Neighbor, Random Forest, Naive Bayes, Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine, Adaboost, LGBM classifier, Gradient Boosting, and XGB classifier. Three feature scaling used in machine learning are raw, minmax scaler, and standard scaler. Finally, you will develop a GUI using PyQt5 to plot cross validation score, predicted values versus true values, confusion matrix, learning curve, decision boundaries, performance of the model, scalability of the model, training loss, and training accuracy. Book 2: OPINION MINING AND PREDICTION USING MACHINE LEARNING AND DEEP LEARNING WITH PYTHON GUI Opinion mining (sometimes known as sentiment analysis or emotion AI) refers to the use of natural language processing, text analysis, computational linguistics, and biometrics to systematically identify, extract, quantify, and study affective states and subjective information. This dataset was created for the Paper 'From Group to Individual Labels using Deep Features', Kotzias et. al,. KDD 2015. It contains sentences labelled with a positive or negative sentiment. Score is either 1 (for positive) or 0 (for negative). The sentences come from three different websites/fields: imdb.com, amazon.com, and yelp.com. For each website, there exist 500 positive and 500 negative sentences. Those were selected randomly for larger datasets of reviews. Amazon: contains reviews and scores for products sold on amazon.com in the cell phones and accessories category, and is part of the dataset collected by McAuley and Leskovec. Scores are on an integer scale from 1 to 5. Reviews considered with a score of 4 and 5 to be positive, and scores of 1 and 2 to be negative. The data is randomly partitioned into two halves of 50%, one for training and one for testing, with 35,000 documents in each set. IMDb: refers to the IMDb movie review sentiment dataset originally introduced by Maas et al. as a benchmark for sentiment analysis. This dataset contains a total of 100,000 movie reviews posted on imdb.com. There are 50,000 unlabeled reviews and the remaining 50,000 are divided into a set of 25,000 reviews for training and 25,000 reviews for testing. Each of the labeled reviews has a binary sentiment label, either positive or negative. Yelp: refers to the dataset from the Yelp dataset challenge from which we extracted the restaurant reviews. Scores are on an integer scale from 1 to 5. Reviews considered with scores 4 and 5 to be positive, and 1 and 2 to be negative. The data is randomly generated a 50-50 training and testing split, which led to approximately 300,000 documents for each set. Sentences: for each of the datasets above, labels are extracted and manually 1000 sentences are manually labeled from the test set, with 50% positive sentiment and 50% negative sentiment. These sentences are only used to evaluate our instance-level classifier for each dataset3. They are not used for model training, to maintain consistency with our overall goal of learning at a group level and predicting at the instance level. The models used in this project are K-Nearest Neighbor, Random Forest, Naive Bayes, Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine, Adaboost, LGBM classifier, Gradient Boosting, and XGB classifier. Three feature scaling used in machine learning are raw, minmax scaler, and standard scaler. Finally, you will develop a GUI using PyQt5 to plot cross validation score, predicted values versus true values, confusion matrix, learning curve, decision boundaries, performance of the model, scalability of the model, training loss, and training accuracy. Book 3: EMOTION PREDICTION FROM TEXT USING MACHINE LEARNING AND DEEP LEARNING WITH PYTHON GUI In the dataset used in this project, there are two columns, Text and Emotion. Quite self-explanatory. The Emotion column has various categories ranging from happiness to sadness to love and fear. You will build and implement machine learning and deep learning models which can identify what words denote what emotion. The models used in this project are K-Nearest Neighbor, Random Forest, Naive Bayes, Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine, Adaboost, LGBM classifier, Gradient Boosting, and XGB classifier. Three feature scaling used in machine learning are raw, minmax scaler, and standard scaler. Finally, you will develop a GUI using PyQt5 to plot cross validation score, predicted values versus true values, confusion matrix, learning curve, decision boundaries, performance of the model, scalability of the model, training loss, and training accuracy. Book 4: HATE SPEECH DETECTION AND SENTIMENT ANALYSIS USING MACHINE LEARNING AND DEEP LEARNING WITH PYTHON GUI The objective of this task is to detect hate speech in tweets. For the sake of simplicity, a tweet contains hate speech if it has a racist or sexist sentiment associated with it. So, the task is to classify racist or sexist tweets from other tweets. Formally, given a training sample of tweets and labels, where label '1' denotes the tweet is racist/sexist and label '0' denotes the tweet is not racist/sexist, the objective is to predict the labels on the test dataset. The models used in this project are K-Nearest Neighbor, Random Forest, Naive Bayes, Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine, Adaboost, LGBM classifier, Gradient Boosting, XGB classifier, LSTM, and CNN. Three feature scaling used in machine learning are raw, minmax scaler, and standard scaler. Finally, you will develop a GUI using PyQt5 to plot cross validation score, predicted values versus true values, confusion matrix, learning curve, decision boundaries, performance of the model, scalability of the model, training loss, and training accuracy. Book 5: TRAVEL REVIEW RATING CLASSIFICATION AND PREDICTION USING MACHINE LEARNING WITH PYTHON GUI The dataset used in this project has been sourced from the Machine Learning Repository of University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine): Travel Review Ratings Data Set. This dataset is populated by capturing user ratings from Google reviews. Reviews on attractions from 24 categories across Europe are considered. Google user rating ranges from 1 to 5 and average user rating per category is calculated. The attributes in the dataset are as follows: Attribute 1 : Unique user id; Attribute 2 : Average ratings on churches; Attribute 3 : Average ratings on resorts; Attribute 4 : Average ratings on beaches; Attribute 5 : Average ratings on parks; Attribute 6 : Average ratings on theatres; Attribute 7 : Average ratings on museums; Attribute 8 : Average ratings on malls; Attribute 9 : Average ratings on zoo; Attribute 10 : Average ratings on restaurants; Attribute 11 : Average ratings on pubs/bars; Attribute 12 : Average ratings on local services; Attribute 13 : Average ratings on burger/pizza shops; Attribute 14 : Average ratings on hotels/other lodgings; Attribute 15 : Average ratings on juice bars; Attribute 16 : Average ratings on art galleries; Attribute 17 : Average ratings on dance clubs; Attribute 18 : Average ratings on swimming pools; Attribute 19 : Average ratings on gyms; Attribute 20 : Average ratings on bakeries; Attribute 21 : Average ratings on beauty & spas; Attribute 22 : Average ratings on cafes; Attribute 23 : Average ratings on view points; Attribute 24 : Average ratings on monuments; and Attribute 25 : Average ratings on gardens. The models used in this project are K-Nearest Neighbor, Random Forest, Naive Bayes, Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine, Adaboost, LGBM classifier, Gradient Boosting, XGB classifier, and MLP classifier. Three feature scaling used in machine learning are raw, minmax scaler, and standard scaler. Finally, you will develop a GUI using PyQt5 to plot cross validation score, predicted values versus true values, confusion matrix, learning curve, decision boundaries, performance of the model, scalability of the model, training loss, and training accuracy. Book 6: ONLINE RETAIL CLUSTERING AND PREDICTION USING MACHINE LEARNING WITH PYTHON GUI The dataset used in this project is a transnational dataset which contains all the transactions occurring between 01/12/2010 and 09/12/2011 for a UK-based and registered non-store online retail. The company mainly sells unique all-occasion gifts. Many customers of the company are wholesalers. You will be using the online retail transnational dataset to build a RFM clustering and choose the best set of customers which the company should target. In this project, you will perform Cohort analysis and RFM analysis. You will also perform clustering using K-Means to get 5 clusters. The machine learning models used in this project to predict clusters as target variable are K-Nearest Neighbor, Random Forest, Naive Bayes, Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine, LGBM, Gradient Boosting, XGB, and MLP. Finally, you will plot boundary decision, distribution of features, feature importance, cross validation score, and predicted values versus true values, confusion matrix, learning curve, performance of the model, scalability of the model, training loss, and training accuracy.

This book covers deep-learning-based approaches for sentiment analysis, a relatively new, but fast-growing research area, which has significantly changed in the past few years. The book presents a collection of state-of-the-art approaches, focusing on the best-performing, cutting-edge solutions for the most common and difficult challenges faced in sentiment analysis research. Providing detailed explanations of the methodologies, the book is a valuable resource for researchers as well as newcomers to the field.

PROJECT 1: TEXT PROCESSING AND SENTIMENT ANALYSIS USING MACHINE LEARNING AND DEEP LEARNING WITH PYTHON GUI Twitter data used in this project was scraped from February of 2015 and contributors were asked to first classify positive, negative, and neutral tweets, followed by categorizing negative reasons (such as "late flight" or "rude service"). This data was originally posted by Crowdflower last February and includes tweets about 6 major US airlines. Additionally, Crowdflower had their workers extract the sentiment from the tweet as well as what the passenger was dissapointed about if the tweet was negative. The information of main attributes for this project are as follows: airline_sentiment : Sentiment classification.(positivie, neutral, and negative); negativereason : Reason selected for the negative opinion; airline : Name of 6 US Airlines('Delta', 'United', 'Southwest', 'US Airways', 'Virgin America', 'American'); and text : Customer's opinion. The models used in this project are K-Nearest Neighbor, Random Forest, Naive Bayes, Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine, Adaboost, LGBM classifier, Gradient Boosting, and XGB classifier, and LSTM. Three vectorizers used in machine learning are Hashing Vectorizer, Count Vectorizer, and TFID Vectorizer. Finally, you will develop a GUI using PyQt5 to plot cross validation score, predicted values versus true values, confusion matrix, learning curve, performance of the model, scalability of the model, training loss, and training accuracy. PROJECT 2: HOTEL REVIEW: SENTIMENT ANALYSIS USING MACHINE LEARNING AND DEEP LEARNING WITH PYTHON GUI The data used in this project is the data published by Anurag Sharma about hotel reviews that were given by costumers. The data is given in two files, a train and test. The train.csv is the training data, containing unique User_ID for each entry with the review entered by a costumer and the browser and device used. The target variable is Is_Response, a variable that states whether the costumers was happy or not happy while staying in the hotel. This type of variable makes the project to a classification problem. The test.csv is the testing data, contains similar headings as the train data, without the target variable. The models used in this project are K-Nearest Neighbor, Random Forest, Naive Bayes, Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine, Adaboost, LGBM classifier, Gradient Boosting, and XGB classifier, and LSTM. Three vectorizers used in machine learning are Hashing Vectorizer, Count Vectorizer, and TFID Vectorizer. Finally, you will develop a GUI using PyQt5 to plot cross validation score, predicted values versus true values, confusion matrix, learning curve, performance of the model, scalability of the model, training loss, and training accuracy. PROJECT 3: STUDENT ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION USING MACHINE LEARNING WITH PYTHON GUI The dataset used in this project consists of student achievement in secondary education of two Portuguese schools. The data attributes include student grades, demographic, social and school-related features) and it was collected by using school reports and questionnaires. Two datasets are provided regarding the performance in two distinct subjects: Mathematics (mat) and Portuguese language (por). In the two datasets were modeled under binary/five-level classification and regression tasks. Important note: the target attribute G3 has a strong correlation with attributes G2 and G1. This occurs because G3 is the final year grade (issued at the 3rd period), while G1 and G2 correspond to the 1st and 2nd period grades. It is more difficult to predict G3 without G2 and G1, but such prediction is much more useful. Attributes in the dataset are as follows: school - student's school (binary: 'GP' - Gabriel Pereira or 'MS' - Mousinho da Silveira); sex - student's sex (binary: 'F' - female or 'M' - male); age - student's age (numeric: from 15 to 22); address - student's home address type (binary: 'U' - urban or 'R' - rural); famsize - family size (binary: 'LE3' - less or equal to 3 or 'GT3' - greater than 3); Pstatus - parent's cohabitation status (binary: 'T' - living together or 'A' - apart); Medu - mother's education (numeric: 0 - none, 1 - primary education (4th grade), 2 - 5th to 9th grade, 3 - secondary education or 4 - higher education); Fedu - father's education (numeric: 0 - none, 1 - primary education (4th grade), 2 - 5th to 9th grade, 3 - secondary education or 4 - higher education); Mjob - mother's job (nominal: 'teacher', 'health' care related, civil 'services' (e.g. administrative or police), 'at_home' or 'other'); Fjob - father's job (nominal: 'teacher', 'health' care related, civil 'services' (e.g. administrative or police), 'at_home' or 'other'); reason - reason to choose this school (nominal: close to 'home', school 'reputation', 'course' preference or 'other'); guardian - student's guardian (nominal: 'mother', 'father' or 'other'); traveltime - home to school travel time (numeric: 1 - <15 min., 2 - 15 to 30 min., 3 - 30 min. to 1 hour, or 4 - >1 hour); studytime - weekly study time (numeric: 1 - <2 hours, 2 - 2 to 5 hours, 3 - 5 to 10 hours, or 4 - >10 hours); failures - number of past class failures (numeric: n if 1<=n<3, else 4); schoolsup - extra educational support (binary: yes or no); famsup - family educational support (binary: yes or no); paid - extra paid classes within the course subject (Math or Portuguese) (binary: yes or no); activities - extra-curricular activities (binary: yes or no); nursery - attended nursery school (binary: yes or no); higher - wants to take higher education (binary: yes or no); internet - Internet access at home (binary: yes or no); romantic - with a romantic relationship (binary: yes or no); famrel - quality of family relationships (numeric: from 1 - very bad to 5 - excellent); freetime - free time after school (numeric: from 1 - very low to 5 - very high); goout - going out with friends (numeric: from 1 - very low to 5 - very high); Dalc - workday alcohol consumption (numeric: from 1 - very low to 5 - very high); Walc - weekend alcohol consumption (numeric: from 1 - very low to 5 - very high); health - current health status (numeric: from 1 - very bad to 5 - very good); absences - number of school absences (numeric: from 0 to 93); G1 - first period grade (numeric: from 0 to 20); G2 - second period grade (numeric: from 0 to 20); and G3 - final grade (numeric: from 0 to 20, output target). The models used in this project are K-Nearest Neighbor, Random Forest, Naive Bayes, Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine, Adaboost, LGBM classifier, Gradient Boosting, and XGB classifier. Three feature scaling used in machine learning are raw, minmax scaler, and standard scaler. Finally, you will develop a GUI using PyQt5 to plot cross validation score, predicted values versus true values, confusion matrix, learning curve, decision boundaries, performance of the model, scalability of the model, training loss, and training accuracy.

Identifying and stopping the dissemination of fabricated news, hate speech, or deceptive information camouflaged as legitimate news poses a significant technological hurdle. This book presents emergent methodologies and technological approaches of natural language processing through machine learning for counteracting the spread of fake news and hate speech on social media platforms. • Covers various approaches, algorithms, and methodologies for fake news and hate speech detection. • Explains the automatic detection and prevention of fake news and hate speech through paralinguistic clues on social media using artificial intelligence. • Discusses the application of machine learning models to learn linguistic characteristics of hate speech over social media platforms. • Emphasizes the role of multilingual and multimodal processing to detect fake news. • Includes research on different optimization techniques, case studies on the identification, prevention, and social impact of fake news, and GitHub repository links to aid understanding. The text is for professionals and scholars of various disciplines interested in fake news and hate speech detection.

Sentiment Analysis has become increasingly important in recent years for nearly all online applications. Sentiment Analysis depends heavily on Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology wherein computational intelligence approaches aid in deriving the opinions/emotions of human beings. With the vast increase in Big Data, computational intelligence approaches have become a necessity for Natural Language Processing and Sentiment Analysis in a wide range of decision-making application areas. The applications of Sentiment Analysis are enormous, ranging from business to biomedical and clinical applications. However, the combination of AI methods and Sentiment Analysis is one of the rarest commodities in the literature. The literatures either gives more importance to the application alone or to the AI/CI methodology. Computational Intelligence for Sentiment Analysis in Natural Language Processing Applications provides a solution to this problem through detailed technical coverage of AI-based Sentiment Analysis methods for various applications. The authors provide readers with an in-depth look at the challenges and solutions associated with the different types of Sentiment Analysis, including case studies and real-world scenarios from across the globe. Development of scientific and enterprise applications are covered, which will aid computer scientists in building practical/real-world AI-based Sentiment Analysis systems. Includes basic concepts, technical explanations, and case studies for in-depth explanation of the Sentiment Analysis Aids computer scientists in developing practical/real-world AI-based Sentiment Analysis systems Provides readers with real-world development applications of AI-based Sentiment Analysis, including transfer learning for opinion mining from pandemic medical data, sarcasm detection using neural networks in human-computer interaction, and emotion detection using the random-forest algorithm