INTRODUCTIONRepresenting Congress presents a selection of politicalcartoons by Clifford K. Berryman to engage studentsin a discussion of what Congress is, how it works,and what it does. It features the masterful work of one ofAmerica's preeminent political cartoonists and showcases hisability to use portraits, representative symbols and figures,and iconic personifications to convey thought-provokinginsights into the institutions and issues of civic life. The Houseof Representatives and Senate take center stage as nationalelected officials work to realize the ideals of the Founders.This eBook is designed to teach students to analyze history as conveyed in visual media.The cartoons offer comments about various moments in history, and they challenge thereader to evaluate their perspective and objectivity. Viewed outside their original journalisticcontext, the cartoons engage and amuse as comic art, but they can also puzzlea reader with references to little-remembered events and people. This eBook providescontextual information on each cartoon to help dispel the historical mysteries.Berryman's cartoons were originally published as illustrations for the front page of theWashington Post and the Washington Evening Star at various dates spanning the years from 1896to 1949. Thirty-nine cartoons selected from the more than 2,400 original Berryman drawingspreserved at the Center for Legislative Archives convey thumbnail sketches of Congress inaction to reveal some of the enduring features of our national representative government.For more than 50 years, Berryman's cartoons engaged readers of Washington's newspapers,illustrating everyday political events as they related to larger issues of civic life.These cartoons promise to engage students in similar ways today. The cartoons intrigueand inform, puzzle and inspire. Like Congress itself, Berryman's cartoons seem familiarat first glance. Closer study reveals nuances and design features that invite in-depthanalysis and discussion. Using these cartoons, students engage in fun and substantivechallenges to unlock each cartoons' meaning and better understand Congress. As theydo so, students will develop the critical thinking skills so important to academic successand the future health and longevity of our democratic republic.2 | R E P R E S E N T I N G C O N G R E S SHOW THIS eBOOK IS ORGANIZEDThis eBook presents 39 cartoons by Clifford K. Berryman,organized in six chapters that illustrate how Congress works.Each page features one cartoon accompanied by links toadditional information and questions.TEACHING WITH THIS eBOOKRepresenting Congress is designed to teach students aboutCongress-its history, procedures, and constitutional roles-through the analysis of political cartoons.Students will study these cartoons in three steps:* Analyze each cartoon using the NARA Cartoon Analysis Worksheet* Analyze several cartoons to discuss how art illustrates civic life using Worksheet 2* Analyze each cartoon in its historic context using Worksheet 3 (optional)Directions:1. Divide the class into small groups, and assign each group to study one or more cartoonsin the chapter "Congress and the Constitution."2. Instruct each group to complete Worksheet 1: Analyzing Cartoons. Direct each groupto share their analysis with the whole-class.3. Instruct each group to complete Worksheet 2: Discussing Cartoons. Students shouldapply the questions to all of the cartoons in the chapter. Direct each group to sharetheir analysis in a whole class discussion of the chapter.4. Repeat the above steps with each succeeding chapter.5. Direct each group to share what they have learned in the preceding activities in awhole-class discussion of Congress and the Constitution.6. Optional Activity: Assign each group to read the Historical Context Informationstatement for their cartoon. The students should then use the Historical Context

The book includes six chapters that cover Virginia history from initial settlement through the 20th century plus one that deals with the important role of underwater archaeology. Written by prominent archaeologists with research experience in their respective topic areas, the chapters consider important issues of Virginia history and consider how the discipline of historic archaeology has addressed them and needs to address them . Changes in research strategy over time are discussed , and recommendations are made concerning the need to recognize the diverse and often differing roles and impacts that characterized the different regions of Virginia over the course of its historic past. Significant issues in Virginia history needing greater study are identified.